Pathophysiology (NURS 3140) Exam 1 Questions With
Complete Solutions
RA is a ____________ disease, and moves from ______ to
_______ joints from the ________ towards the torso.
symmetrical; small; large; extremities.
RA Diagnostic Criteria
RH Factor; Increased CRP, WBC, and ESR, X-Ray showing
decrease in bone density.
RA Treatment
anti-inflammatories (NSAIDS), Immunosuppressants,
Rest/activity balance, PT, splints (to keep joints in place),
surgery (to replace major deformation)
Surgery does not ______ the progression of RA.
stop
Pathology of Chron's Disease
Chronic inflammation throughout GI tract, most often Small
Intestine; non-continuous, penetrating ulcers, thickened
intestinal wall. Impaired intestinal absorption and bowel
obstruction.
Clinical manifestations of Chron's Disease
abdominal pain, diarrhea, abscess, fistula, occult blood in stool,
fever, malnutrition, weight loss, fatigue
Diagnostic Criteria of Chron's Disease
,History and Physical Exam, Colonoscopy and EGD
(endoscopic), Stool culture (check for occult blood)
Treatment of Chron's disease
Symptom management via anti-inflammatory and
immunosuppressants, No spicy food, increase calorie and
protein, lower fat and fiber, surgery to remove part of bowel or
repair fistula (colostomy), Cancer screening due to increase risk
of colorectal cancer.
Pathology of Ulcerative Colitits
Chronic inflammation beginning in rectum and traveling up
descending colon.
Continuous superficial ulcers without skipping, perforation,
obstruction, and massive hemorrhage because wall stays thin.
Clinical Manifestations of Ulcerative Colitits
Diarrhea and Rectal Bleeding, then abdominal pain, fever,
weakness, fatigue, anemia.
Diagnostic Criteria of Ulcerative Colitis
History and physical exam, endoscopic exam, radiographs, CBC
(for anemia and hemoglobin)
Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis
Symptom management via anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrheal,
immunosuppressants, increase fluid, avoid dairy, caffeine, and
spicy foods, Surgery to repair damage/stop hemorrhage, and
Cancer screening, risk for colorectal cancer higher than in
Chron's.
, What is a virus?
acellular, infectous agent
What is bacteria?
pathogen, sometimes opportunistic, that can cause disease.
What is fungi?
yeast or mold found on skin/mucous membranes unusually kept
in check by bacteria. commonly opportunistic.
How is the chain of infection broken in the Infectious Agent
Stage?
sterilization
How is the chain of infection broken in the reservoir stage?
sanitizing environment, antimicrobial drugs.
How is the chain of infection broken in the portal of exit?
Hand washing, covering secretions, trash disposal.
How is the chain of infection broken in the means of
transmission stage?
Isolation, food handling, airflow, universal precaution,
sterilization, handwashing.
How is the chain of infection broken in the portal entry stage?
covering potential entry points.
How is the chain of infection broken in a susceptible host stage?
recognize high risk patient, treatment of underlying disease.
Complete Solutions
RA is a ____________ disease, and moves from ______ to
_______ joints from the ________ towards the torso.
symmetrical; small; large; extremities.
RA Diagnostic Criteria
RH Factor; Increased CRP, WBC, and ESR, X-Ray showing
decrease in bone density.
RA Treatment
anti-inflammatories (NSAIDS), Immunosuppressants,
Rest/activity balance, PT, splints (to keep joints in place),
surgery (to replace major deformation)
Surgery does not ______ the progression of RA.
stop
Pathology of Chron's Disease
Chronic inflammation throughout GI tract, most often Small
Intestine; non-continuous, penetrating ulcers, thickened
intestinal wall. Impaired intestinal absorption and bowel
obstruction.
Clinical manifestations of Chron's Disease
abdominal pain, diarrhea, abscess, fistula, occult blood in stool,
fever, malnutrition, weight loss, fatigue
Diagnostic Criteria of Chron's Disease
,History and Physical Exam, Colonoscopy and EGD
(endoscopic), Stool culture (check for occult blood)
Treatment of Chron's disease
Symptom management via anti-inflammatory and
immunosuppressants, No spicy food, increase calorie and
protein, lower fat and fiber, surgery to remove part of bowel or
repair fistula (colostomy), Cancer screening due to increase risk
of colorectal cancer.
Pathology of Ulcerative Colitits
Chronic inflammation beginning in rectum and traveling up
descending colon.
Continuous superficial ulcers without skipping, perforation,
obstruction, and massive hemorrhage because wall stays thin.
Clinical Manifestations of Ulcerative Colitits
Diarrhea and Rectal Bleeding, then abdominal pain, fever,
weakness, fatigue, anemia.
Diagnostic Criteria of Ulcerative Colitis
History and physical exam, endoscopic exam, radiographs, CBC
(for anemia and hemoglobin)
Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis
Symptom management via anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrheal,
immunosuppressants, increase fluid, avoid dairy, caffeine, and
spicy foods, Surgery to repair damage/stop hemorrhage, and
Cancer screening, risk for colorectal cancer higher than in
Chron's.
, What is a virus?
acellular, infectous agent
What is bacteria?
pathogen, sometimes opportunistic, that can cause disease.
What is fungi?
yeast or mold found on skin/mucous membranes unusually kept
in check by bacteria. commonly opportunistic.
How is the chain of infection broken in the Infectious Agent
Stage?
sterilization
How is the chain of infection broken in the reservoir stage?
sanitizing environment, antimicrobial drugs.
How is the chain of infection broken in the portal of exit?
Hand washing, covering secretions, trash disposal.
How is the chain of infection broken in the means of
transmission stage?
Isolation, food handling, airflow, universal precaution,
sterilization, handwashing.
How is the chain of infection broken in the portal entry stage?
covering potential entry points.
How is the chain of infection broken in a susceptible host stage?
recognize high risk patient, treatment of underlying disease.
