DAVITA FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS

DAVITAFINALEXAMQUESTIONSWITH b b b b




CORRECT ANSWERS 2025 b b b




Explain the four transport mechanisms that play a role in hemodialysis - CORRECT ANSWER -
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● Ultrafiltration: Fluid is pushed through a semipermeable membrane. b b b b b b b




● Convection
: Or solute drag means that solutes move with the water across the semipermeable membrane. In
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this way, convection adds to the clearance achieved through diffusion as solutes are dragged along
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with the ultrafiltrate.
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● Diffusion
: Is the movement of dissolved particles across a semipermeable membrane from the side with the
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higher concentration to the side with the lower concentration. This difference in solute conc
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entration on each side of the membrane is called concentration gradient. The higher the concen
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tration gradient, the faster diffusion occurs. Once the concentration of a dissolved particle is the
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same on both sides of the semipermeable membrane, diffusion stops.
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● Osmosis
: Is a chemical process by which dissolved chemicals will migrate from an area of high concentra tion
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to one of low
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concentration. Essentially if you dissolve something in a liquid, the dissolved compounds (called
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solutes) will spread out until there is
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an equal concentration of solute everywhere.
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What are the kidneys excretory functions - CORRECT ANSWER -
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To normalize electrolytes, remove wastes, provide fluid and nutrient balance
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,What is the function of the acid concentration - CORRECT ANSWER -
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Provides the concentration gradient for diffusion and helps normalize electrolytes
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What is the function of bicarbonate - CORRECT ANSWER -Buffers the acid concentrate
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Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANSWER -
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> 5.5 mEq: extreme muscle weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, possible cardiac arrest
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Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia - CORRECT ANSWER -
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< 3.5 mEq: fatigue, muscle weakness, paralysis,respiratory failure, cardiac instability, arrhythmia s,
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cardiac arrest
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What are the kidneys endocrine functions - CORRECT ANSWER - Renin
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secretion, Erythropoeitin secretion, Vit D Activation
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How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions - CORRECT ANSWER -
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Provide medications
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How much of normal kidney function is replaced by hemodialysis - CORRECT ANSWER -15%
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What is uremia and how does it affect the body? - CORRECT ANSWER -
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Uremia is a buildup of wastes in the blood due to kidney failure and affects all body systems.
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What are the most common causes of CKD in the usa? - CORRECT ANSWER -Diabetes Hypertension
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Polycystic Kidney Disease b b

, Outline the treatment goals for a patient with CKD - CORRECT ANSWER -- slowing
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the progression of ckd
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-managing comorbidities and complications b b b




-controlling symptoms b




-minimizing the effects of ckd on patients' lifestyles b b b b b b b




-kidney replacement therapy modality education
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-encouraging patients to actively participate in their healthcare b b b b b b b




Why is it important to know what caused your patients CKD - CORRECT ANSWER -
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So the nurse and PCT can inquire about possible problems during data collection and assessmen t
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Why is sodium balance important? - CORRECT ANSWER -
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Leads to volume expansion, increased cardiac output, increased peripheral vascular resistance, and
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increased blood pressure
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Signs and symptoms of fluid imbalance - CORRECT ANSWER - Edema,
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hypertension, shortness of breath
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Systemic effects of CKD what would you advise for a patient who complains of: dry itchy skin, pe
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ripheral neuropathy(nerve pain in extremities) and gi problems - CORRECT ANSWER -Use hyper-
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fatted soaps and lotions, monitor patient for changes in motor function and inform RN and phys
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ician of any bleeding problems/constipation/diarrhea
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What is the consequences of prolonged fluid overload and hypertension - CORRECT ANSWER - Left
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ventricular hypertrophy
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What is Percarditis? - CORRECT ANSWER -
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Inflammation of the membrane (pericardial sac) around the heart b b b b b b b b