CARDIOVASCULAR MED-SURG &
NUTRITION A+ MASTERY GUIDE – FROM
PATHO TO PLATE (2026–2027)
SA node - THE CORRECT ANSWER-pacemaker of the heart, located on
the upper right side in the right atrium
AV node - THE CORRECT ANSWER-(atrioventricular node) region of
the heart between the right atrium and right ventricle from
which electrical impulses spread to the ventricles during a
heartbeat
systole - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Contraction of the heart
diastole - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Relaxation of the heart
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) - THE CORRECT ANSWER-hormone
secreted from atrial cells of the heart in response to atrial
stretching and an increase in circulating blood volume. ANP
has been identified as a diuretic that causes sodium loss and
inhibits the thirst mechanism
JVD (jugular vein distention) - THE CORRECT ANSWER-this is bulging
of the external jugular vein which indicates increased blood
volume and usually congestive heart failure (CHF)
, intermittant claudication - THE CORRECT ANSWER-pain w/walking;
typically calf pain; vague aching or numbness; ischemia due to
vessel occlusion
aortic stenosis - THE CORRECT ANSWER-narrowing of the aorta
Atherosclerosis - THE CORRECT ANSWER-condition in which fatty
deposits called plaque build up on the inner walls of the arteries
arteriosclerosis - THE CORRECT ANSWER-hardening of the arteries
bnp - THE CORRECT ANSWER-brain natriuretic peptide
cpk-mb - THE CORRECT ANSWER-creatine phosphokinase-MB
troponin - THE CORRECT ANSWER-A protein of muscle that together
with tropomyosin forms a regulatory protein complex
controlling the interaction of actin and myosin and that when
combined with calcium ions permits muscular contraction
homocysteine levels - THE CORRECT ANSWER-test used to predict a
patient's risk of stroke and CAD - damages heart vessels when
elevated
echocardiogram - THE CORRECT ANSWER-ultrasound of the heart
TEE (transesophageal echocardiogram) - THE CORRECT ANSWER-
∙Probe inserted into esophagus.
NUTRITION A+ MASTERY GUIDE – FROM
PATHO TO PLATE (2026–2027)
SA node - THE CORRECT ANSWER-pacemaker of the heart, located on
the upper right side in the right atrium
AV node - THE CORRECT ANSWER-(atrioventricular node) region of
the heart between the right atrium and right ventricle from
which electrical impulses spread to the ventricles during a
heartbeat
systole - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Contraction of the heart
diastole - THE CORRECT ANSWER-Relaxation of the heart
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) - THE CORRECT ANSWER-hormone
secreted from atrial cells of the heart in response to atrial
stretching and an increase in circulating blood volume. ANP
has been identified as a diuretic that causes sodium loss and
inhibits the thirst mechanism
JVD (jugular vein distention) - THE CORRECT ANSWER-this is bulging
of the external jugular vein which indicates increased blood
volume and usually congestive heart failure (CHF)
, intermittant claudication - THE CORRECT ANSWER-pain w/walking;
typically calf pain; vague aching or numbness; ischemia due to
vessel occlusion
aortic stenosis - THE CORRECT ANSWER-narrowing of the aorta
Atherosclerosis - THE CORRECT ANSWER-condition in which fatty
deposits called plaque build up on the inner walls of the arteries
arteriosclerosis - THE CORRECT ANSWER-hardening of the arteries
bnp - THE CORRECT ANSWER-brain natriuretic peptide
cpk-mb - THE CORRECT ANSWER-creatine phosphokinase-MB
troponin - THE CORRECT ANSWER-A protein of muscle that together
with tropomyosin forms a regulatory protein complex
controlling the interaction of actin and myosin and that when
combined with calcium ions permits muscular contraction
homocysteine levels - THE CORRECT ANSWER-test used to predict a
patient's risk of stroke and CAD - damages heart vessels when
elevated
echocardiogram - THE CORRECT ANSWER-ultrasound of the heart
TEE (transesophageal echocardiogram) - THE CORRECT ANSWER-
∙Probe inserted into esophagus.
