PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 UT Tyler Qs and Ans
1. Define Idiopathic.
ANS Cause of disease is unknown
2. Define Iatrogenic.
ANS Due to complication, error, treatment, or procedure
3. Subclinical State
ANS Pathological changes occur, no obvious manifestations
4. Prodromal Period
ANS Signs are non-specific
5. Two Basic Cell Types
ANS Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
6. This cell is single-celled without nucleus or membrane organelles, reproduce
by binary fission, and bacteria are considered this cell type.
ANS Prokaryotes
7. This cell type is either single or multi-celled, can reproduce by meiosis or
mitosis, and have a cell nucleus within containing its DNA and outer mem-
1/
21
,brane.
ANS Eukaryotes
8. What do Ribosomes do?
ANS Make protein from encoded DNA instructions
9. What are Ribosomes made of?
ANS RNA and proteins
10. This organelle is known as the production factory (makes proteins and
lipids). It is a system of membraneous channels and vesicles, and is an internal
delivery system of the cell.
ANS Endoplasmic Reticulum
11. This organelle houses energy in the form of ATP.
ANS Mitochondria
12. Nutrients are transformed into energy by the mitochondria
through the process of
ANS Oxidative phosphorylation
13. Cells communicate information LOCALLY by
ANS Paracrine and neurotransmitters
2/
21
, 14. Cells communicate information to DISTANT sites by
ANS Hormones and Neurohormones
15. Cells communicate information INTERNALLY by
ANS Auto-crines
16. Damage to cell membrane, reduced levels of ATP, changes in
metabolic processes, and changes in pH are all known as.
ANS Cellular Adaptations
17. What two cellular changes are known to be normal alterations?
ANS Hypertrophy and Atrophy
18. What cellular change is known to be disease-related?
ANS Ischemia or cellular hypoxia
19. Ischemia or cellular hypoxia is a result of what factor?
ANS Decreased oxygen
20. This is known as 'programmed cell death' and is associated with aging.
ANS Apoptosis
21. This condition is due to ischemia or reduced blood supply to the tissue
and is the most common cause of cell injury.
3/
21
1. Define Idiopathic.
ANS Cause of disease is unknown
2. Define Iatrogenic.
ANS Due to complication, error, treatment, or procedure
3. Subclinical State
ANS Pathological changes occur, no obvious manifestations
4. Prodromal Period
ANS Signs are non-specific
5. Two Basic Cell Types
ANS Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
6. This cell is single-celled without nucleus or membrane organelles, reproduce
by binary fission, and bacteria are considered this cell type.
ANS Prokaryotes
7. This cell type is either single or multi-celled, can reproduce by meiosis or
mitosis, and have a cell nucleus within containing its DNA and outer mem-
1/
21
,brane.
ANS Eukaryotes
8. What do Ribosomes do?
ANS Make protein from encoded DNA instructions
9. What are Ribosomes made of?
ANS RNA and proteins
10. This organelle is known as the production factory (makes proteins and
lipids). It is a system of membraneous channels and vesicles, and is an internal
delivery system of the cell.
ANS Endoplasmic Reticulum
11. This organelle houses energy in the form of ATP.
ANS Mitochondria
12. Nutrients are transformed into energy by the mitochondria
through the process of
ANS Oxidative phosphorylation
13. Cells communicate information LOCALLY by
ANS Paracrine and neurotransmitters
2/
21
, 14. Cells communicate information to DISTANT sites by
ANS Hormones and Neurohormones
15. Cells communicate information INTERNALLY by
ANS Auto-crines
16. Damage to cell membrane, reduced levels of ATP, changes in
metabolic processes, and changes in pH are all known as.
ANS Cellular Adaptations
17. What two cellular changes are known to be normal alterations?
ANS Hypertrophy and Atrophy
18. What cellular change is known to be disease-related?
ANS Ischemia or cellular hypoxia
19. Ischemia or cellular hypoxia is a result of what factor?
ANS Decreased oxygen
20. This is known as 'programmed cell death' and is associated with aging.
ANS Apoptosis
21. This condition is due to ischemia or reduced blood supply to the tissue
and is the most common cause of cell injury.
3/
21
