PHYSIOLOGY EXAM 6 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Myelin Function - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅aids graded potential, and blocks action potential (wraps it like
charger)
Why do we see myelin (aka what does it do for signals)? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Increase conduction
velocity and make GP faster than AP
Which goes further, AP or GP? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅AP but myelin helps GP go further
Saltatory Conduction - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅AP only at nodes (looks like it's jumping but not, same AP
every time)
Presynaptic Factors - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅availability of NT, Ca2+ availability, receptor availability,
membrane potential
Why is Ca2+ needed in IF for presynaptic signals? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅needed to trigger exocytosis
of NTs
What lets Ca2+ in? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅voltage-g channels
Why do we need NTs available for presynaptic signals? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅can't exocytose without
it
Why do we need receptors available for presynaptic signals? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅b/c when pre was
a post
Why do we need Vm for presynaptic signals? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅impacts Ca2+ entry b/c needed
for voltage-g channels
Postsynaptic factors - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅receptor availability, Vm, other presynaptic inputs
, Why do we need Vm for postsynaptic factors? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Vm determines summation
(impact on receiving cell/reaching threshold p)
Two types of input (likelihood of AP happening) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅EPSP (excitatory) and IPSP
(inhibitory)
EPSP - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅creates depolarization and makes getting to AP easier
IPSP - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅creates hyperpolarization and makes getting to AP harder
Two types of summation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Temporal and Spatial
Temporal Summation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅time, same presynaptic impacts past synapse multiple
times, close together (CAN'T RECOVER)
Spatial Summation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅close in space, both impacting cell body, presynaptic impact
past synapse multiple time to get to or from theshold
Increase synapses leads to - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅increase combos of summations to get complex
system quickly
Brainstem - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅control for basic life processes
Parts of brainstem - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅medulla, pons, midbrain
Brainstem functions - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅respiration, circulation, digestion
Cerebellum Functions - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅balance, coordination, muscle tone
Myelin Function - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅aids graded potential, and blocks action potential (wraps it like
charger)
Why do we see myelin (aka what does it do for signals)? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Increase conduction
velocity and make GP faster than AP
Which goes further, AP or GP? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅AP but myelin helps GP go further
Saltatory Conduction - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅AP only at nodes (looks like it's jumping but not, same AP
every time)
Presynaptic Factors - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅availability of NT, Ca2+ availability, receptor availability,
membrane potential
Why is Ca2+ needed in IF for presynaptic signals? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅needed to trigger exocytosis
of NTs
What lets Ca2+ in? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅voltage-g channels
Why do we need NTs available for presynaptic signals? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅can't exocytose without
it
Why do we need receptors available for presynaptic signals? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅b/c when pre was
a post
Why do we need Vm for presynaptic signals? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅impacts Ca2+ entry b/c needed
for voltage-g channels
Postsynaptic factors - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅receptor availability, Vm, other presynaptic inputs
, Why do we need Vm for postsynaptic factors? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Vm determines summation
(impact on receiving cell/reaching threshold p)
Two types of input (likelihood of AP happening) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅EPSP (excitatory) and IPSP
(inhibitory)
EPSP - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅creates depolarization and makes getting to AP easier
IPSP - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅creates hyperpolarization and makes getting to AP harder
Two types of summation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Temporal and Spatial
Temporal Summation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅time, same presynaptic impacts past synapse multiple
times, close together (CAN'T RECOVER)
Spatial Summation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅close in space, both impacting cell body, presynaptic impact
past synapse multiple time to get to or from theshold
Increase synapses leads to - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅increase combos of summations to get complex
system quickly
Brainstem - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅control for basic life processes
Parts of brainstem - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅medulla, pons, midbrain
Brainstem functions - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅respiration, circulation, digestion
Cerebellum Functions - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅balance, coordination, muscle tone
