CERTIFIED MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
SPECIALIST (CMSC) EXAM PREP
2026/2027 ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<BRAND NEW VERSION>
1. What is the definition of multiple sclerosis? - ANSWER Chronic
autoimmune disease characterized by develop- ment of plaque in the white
matter of the central nervous system. This plaque damages the myelin sheath
and interferes with impulse transmission between CNS & body
2. List the signs and symptoms of multiple sclerosis. - ANSWER Muscle
weakness alternating with spasticity, fatigue (most disabling), depression,
numbness, coordination difficulties, loss of balance, pain, dysmetria, bowel
and bladder dysfunction, cognitive and sexual changes
3. Multiple sclerosis is characterized by an inflammatory response that results
in what? - ANSWER Diffuse random or patchy areas of plaque in the white
matter of the CNS.
4. List the major types of multiple sclerosis. - ANSWER Relapsing-remitting,
Primary Progressive, Secondary Progressive and
Progressive Relapsing
5. Describe Relapsing Remitting type of multiple sclerosis. - ANSWER
Majority of cases.
, Defined periods of exacerbation and remission, may be mild or moderate
and resolve in a few weeks to months after which the patient returns to
baseline.
6. Describe Primary progressive type of multiple sclerosis. - ANSWER Worst
type.
Relentless progression with no remissions, steady deterioration with no
acute attacks.
7. Describe Secondary progressive type of multiple sclerosis. - ANSWER
Begins with relapses and remissions but later becomes steadily progressive.
Functioning continues to decline with no clear times of remission.
8. Describe Progressing relapsing type of multiple sclerosis. - ANSWER Least
common.
Frequent relaspes with some partial recovery but not a return to baseline.
9. MS: Neurologic Findings (3) - ANSWER Weakness, Spasticity, ataxia.
10.Pathophysiology: Immune Dysfunction - ANSWER An impairment of
immune tolerance to central nervous system tissue that ultimately leads to
plaque formation
The most widely believed hypothesis is that it is a virus-induced immune-
mediated disease.
Unusually high reactivity of immune system T cells to proteins of myelin in
the CNS
, Overrepresentation of cells that enhance immune responses (pro-
inflammatory T helper cells)
Presence of immune system cells in MS lesions in the brain, spinal cord, and
optic nerves
B lymphocytes responsible for producing antibodies
Pathophysiology:
Destruction of Myelin and Axonal Damage or Loss - ANSWER Pathology
of MS consists of lesions disseminated in location and of varying age.
Lesions are present in both white and gray matter, gray matter lesions are
less evident.
Oligodendrocytes are damaged in this process.
Lesions range from acute plaques with active inflammatory infiltrates to
chronic, inactive, demyelinated scars.
Slowed conduction and conduction failure occur in demyelinated fibers.
Conduction failure is due to fiber fatigue or to an increase in body
temperature.
Ongoing inflammation, demyelination, and scarring ultimately result in
irreversible axonal damage and loss.
Acute MS lesions are characterized by T lymphocytes, plasma cells,
macrophages, and bare, demyelinated, or transected axons.
Brain atrophy in MS represents a negative pathologic change.
11.Theories of Etiology: Genetics - ANSWER Increased susceptibility is
present in families in which MS already occurs
High genetic susceptibility observed in monozygotic twins (20%-40%)
, Some genetically isolated groups never develop MS (Hutterites in Canada,
East-European Gypsies)
Racial differences in MS are likely genetically based
12.Relapse Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) - ANSWER Periods of acute
worsening of neurologic function, with some degree of recovery. There is o
progression in between. About 85% individuals are dx with RRMS initially
13.How often can remissions occur in RRMS? - ANSWER Remissions can be
months to years with no new signs of disease activity. Deficits suffered
during attacks or exacerbation may totally resolve or result in ongoing
deficits.
14.Secondary Progressive (SPMS) - ANSWER Following an initial relapse
remitting course, the disease transitions in many people to a steadily
progressive form with increased loss of function. OF the 85% who start with
RRMS, more than 50% will develop SPMA within 10 years and 90% within
25 years.
15.Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PPMS) - ANSWER Continuing
worsening of disease from onset, without distinct relapses. Approximately
10% of people are dx with PPMS.
16.Progressive-Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (PPMS) - ANSWER Progressive
neurologic decline with occasional acute relapses. About 5% of people
appear to have PRMS at diagnosis.
SPECIALIST (CMSC) EXAM PREP
2026/2027 ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<BRAND NEW VERSION>
1. What is the definition of multiple sclerosis? - ANSWER Chronic
autoimmune disease characterized by develop- ment of plaque in the white
matter of the central nervous system. This plaque damages the myelin sheath
and interferes with impulse transmission between CNS & body
2. List the signs and symptoms of multiple sclerosis. - ANSWER Muscle
weakness alternating with spasticity, fatigue (most disabling), depression,
numbness, coordination difficulties, loss of balance, pain, dysmetria, bowel
and bladder dysfunction, cognitive and sexual changes
3. Multiple sclerosis is characterized by an inflammatory response that results
in what? - ANSWER Diffuse random or patchy areas of plaque in the white
matter of the CNS.
4. List the major types of multiple sclerosis. - ANSWER Relapsing-remitting,
Primary Progressive, Secondary Progressive and
Progressive Relapsing
5. Describe Relapsing Remitting type of multiple sclerosis. - ANSWER
Majority of cases.
, Defined periods of exacerbation and remission, may be mild or moderate
and resolve in a few weeks to months after which the patient returns to
baseline.
6. Describe Primary progressive type of multiple sclerosis. - ANSWER Worst
type.
Relentless progression with no remissions, steady deterioration with no
acute attacks.
7. Describe Secondary progressive type of multiple sclerosis. - ANSWER
Begins with relapses and remissions but later becomes steadily progressive.
Functioning continues to decline with no clear times of remission.
8. Describe Progressing relapsing type of multiple sclerosis. - ANSWER Least
common.
Frequent relaspes with some partial recovery but not a return to baseline.
9. MS: Neurologic Findings (3) - ANSWER Weakness, Spasticity, ataxia.
10.Pathophysiology: Immune Dysfunction - ANSWER An impairment of
immune tolerance to central nervous system tissue that ultimately leads to
plaque formation
The most widely believed hypothesis is that it is a virus-induced immune-
mediated disease.
Unusually high reactivity of immune system T cells to proteins of myelin in
the CNS
, Overrepresentation of cells that enhance immune responses (pro-
inflammatory T helper cells)
Presence of immune system cells in MS lesions in the brain, spinal cord, and
optic nerves
B lymphocytes responsible for producing antibodies
Pathophysiology:
Destruction of Myelin and Axonal Damage or Loss - ANSWER Pathology
of MS consists of lesions disseminated in location and of varying age.
Lesions are present in both white and gray matter, gray matter lesions are
less evident.
Oligodendrocytes are damaged in this process.
Lesions range from acute plaques with active inflammatory infiltrates to
chronic, inactive, demyelinated scars.
Slowed conduction and conduction failure occur in demyelinated fibers.
Conduction failure is due to fiber fatigue or to an increase in body
temperature.
Ongoing inflammation, demyelination, and scarring ultimately result in
irreversible axonal damage and loss.
Acute MS lesions are characterized by T lymphocytes, plasma cells,
macrophages, and bare, demyelinated, or transected axons.
Brain atrophy in MS represents a negative pathologic change.
11.Theories of Etiology: Genetics - ANSWER Increased susceptibility is
present in families in which MS already occurs
High genetic susceptibility observed in monozygotic twins (20%-40%)
, Some genetically isolated groups never develop MS (Hutterites in Canada,
East-European Gypsies)
Racial differences in MS are likely genetically based
12.Relapse Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) - ANSWER Periods of acute
worsening of neurologic function, with some degree of recovery. There is o
progression in between. About 85% individuals are dx with RRMS initially
13.How often can remissions occur in RRMS? - ANSWER Remissions can be
months to years with no new signs of disease activity. Deficits suffered
during attacks or exacerbation may totally resolve or result in ongoing
deficits.
14.Secondary Progressive (SPMS) - ANSWER Following an initial relapse
remitting course, the disease transitions in many people to a steadily
progressive form with increased loss of function. OF the 85% who start with
RRMS, more than 50% will develop SPMA within 10 years and 90% within
25 years.
15.Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PPMS) - ANSWER Continuing
worsening of disease from onset, without distinct relapses. Approximately
10% of people are dx with PPMS.
16.Progressive-Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (PPMS) - ANSWER Progressive
neurologic decline with occasional acute relapses. About 5% of people
appear to have PRMS at diagnosis.
