NUR 355 ACTUAL EXAM 2 |COMPLETE AND GRADED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 LATEST UPDATED | 100% GRADED CORRECT | 100%
GUARANTEED TO PASS | GET A+
1. What is cutaneous pain?: derived from skin surface and subcutaneous
tissues; injury is superficial, with a sharp, burning sensation
2. What is referred pain?: pain felt in a part of the body other than its actual
source
3. What is neuropathic pain?: - pain that arises from abnormal or damaged
pain nerves [e.g., phantom limb pain, pain below the level of a spinal cord
injury, diabetic neuropathy];
- usually intense, shooting, burning, or "pins and needles"
4. What is visceral pain?: Originating from interior organs
Aching, Poorly localized, Often accompanied by autonomic responses
(vomiting, nausea, pallor, diaphoresis)
5. What does a low neutrophil count indicate?: usually indicates an
autoimmune disease, chemotherapy, or a bone marrow disorder; HIGH RISK
FOR INFECTION BY OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENS
6. What is the normal neutrophil level?: 2,500 - 8000 cells/mm3
7. Why are pain specialists used?: If the cause of the pain is known (or
unknown), serious disease excluded, no curative treatment is readily
available, current treatment is not helping, or the pain interferes with daily
function
8. What labs would be positive in urosepsis?: positive urine culture, positive
blood culture, low WBC's, high serum lactate, high C-reactive protein
9. What are tophi?: White chalky aggregates of uric acid crystals with fibrosis
and giant cell reaction in soft tissues and joints; seen in gout
,10. Why are mental changes in HIV+ patients concerning?: HIV can trigger
inflammation
that can damage the brain and spinal chord, higher risk for sepsis, higher risk
for CNS infection and malignancies;
CHANGES CAN INCLUDE CONFUSION AND DELERIUM
11. What does pain look like in dementia patients?: Constant pacing, moving
or unwillingness to sit down. Moaning, crying, sighing and even heavy
breathing. Frowning, grimacing or a furrowed brow. Sleeping all day or not
being able to sleep.
12. What is leukocytosis?: high WBC count (above 10,000)
13. what is the normal leukocyte range?: 5,000-10,000
14. Who cannot receive live vaccines? why?: pregnant women, PT's with a high
fever, and immuno-
compromised; they are susceptible to actually being infected by
the live attenuated pathogens - people allergic to eggs cannot
get the flu shot
15 What is the pathology of gout?: high uric acid levels within the blood begin
to deposit within the synovial fluid filled joints, frequently beginning with the
big toe; known as an inflammatory arthritis
16. What is the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis?: -chronic, systemic,
inflammatory autoimmune disease
-exaggerated immune response
-neutrophils degrade surface layer of cartilage -inflammatory cytokines
breaking down cartilage and bone then T-cells
-fibroblasts to turn into a thick abnormal layer of tissue
-inflammation is constant and spreads to ALL synovial joints
17. What is the pathology of osteoarthritis?: Caused by wear and tear of
hyaline cartilage to the point where it is worn away.
18. What is the pathology of lupus?: autoimmune disorder characterized by
multisystem inflammation
,with the generation of autoantibodies; development is frequently associated
with retroviruses, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and HIV type 1 virus
19. What are some type 1 hypersensitivity reactions?: - immediate reaction
- anaphylaxis, allergic rhino-conjunctivitis, bronchial asthma, allergic
dermatitis
20. What are some type 2 hypersensitivity reactions?: - antibody mediated
immune reaction
in which antibodies and directed against cellular or extracellular matrix
antigens; results in CELL LYSIS or damage to cells or tissues
- forms of anemia, blood transfusion reactions myasthenia gravis, Rh+/Rh-,
certain platelet disorders, and some types of tissue transplant rejection.
21. What are some type 3 hypersensitivity reactions?: - abnormal immune
response
- vasculitis (skin), serum sickness (systemic), RA, and Lupus; immune
complexes deposit in various tissues
22. What are some type 4 hypersensitivity reactions?: - Delayed Hyper-
sensensitivity
- contact dermatitis, latex allergy or in response to some diagnostic procedures
as in the tuberculin skin test
23. What is the pathology of fibromyalgia?: stress-related disorder that
involves abnormal func-
tioning in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Similarly to other
psychiatric disorders, fibromyalgia has been associated with the inability to
suppress cortisol; widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by fatigue,
sleep, memory and mood issues
24. What is the first thing you should do if a patient is having an allergic
reaction
to an IV infusion?: stop the infusion, remove the tubing, protect the airway, call
for rapid response, apply O2 and pulse ox; do not need to remove IV as its
important to maintain access if they go into shock
, 25 What are the s/s of anaphylaxis?: Tachycardia, hypotension, wheezing,
swallowing difficulties, angioedema that starts at the face and moves down the
airway. (No peripheral edema)
26. What position is used for SOB?: high fowler's position or orthopenic
position
27. What are eosinophils?: disease fighting WBCs; often related to severe
allergic reactions
28. What are neutrophils?: WBC's that ingest and destroy microbes in a
process called phagocytosis; usually first one to injury site
29. What are basophils?: make up less than 1% of all circulating WBCs, have
the ability to detect and destroy some early cancer cells
30. What are lymphocytes?: b cells (which produce antibodies that are used
to attack invading pathogens) and t cells (focus on specific foreign particles)
31. What are monocytes?: long life span, and break down bacteria
32. What is the role of neutrophils that we should know?: first to respond to
viruses and bacteria
33. what is the role of eosinophils that we should know?: known for their role
in allergy symptoms
34. what is the role of basophils that we should know?: known for their role
in ashtma
35. what is the role of monocytes that we should know?: clean up dead cells
36. What is the role of lymphocytes that we should know?: fight infection by
producing
antibodies
37. What are the tests for lupus?: positive ANA
38. What does lupus affect?: everything; tons of pain
39. what is the treatment for lupus?: Avoid exposure to direct sunlight,
steroids and other immunosuppressants for acute flare-ups; needs to be
seen by a rheumatologist; fluoroquinolones
ANSWERS 2026 LATEST UPDATED | 100% GRADED CORRECT | 100%
GUARANTEED TO PASS | GET A+
1. What is cutaneous pain?: derived from skin surface and subcutaneous
tissues; injury is superficial, with a sharp, burning sensation
2. What is referred pain?: pain felt in a part of the body other than its actual
source
3. What is neuropathic pain?: - pain that arises from abnormal or damaged
pain nerves [e.g., phantom limb pain, pain below the level of a spinal cord
injury, diabetic neuropathy];
- usually intense, shooting, burning, or "pins and needles"
4. What is visceral pain?: Originating from interior organs
Aching, Poorly localized, Often accompanied by autonomic responses
(vomiting, nausea, pallor, diaphoresis)
5. What does a low neutrophil count indicate?: usually indicates an
autoimmune disease, chemotherapy, or a bone marrow disorder; HIGH RISK
FOR INFECTION BY OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENS
6. What is the normal neutrophil level?: 2,500 - 8000 cells/mm3
7. Why are pain specialists used?: If the cause of the pain is known (or
unknown), serious disease excluded, no curative treatment is readily
available, current treatment is not helping, or the pain interferes with daily
function
8. What labs would be positive in urosepsis?: positive urine culture, positive
blood culture, low WBC's, high serum lactate, high C-reactive protein
9. What are tophi?: White chalky aggregates of uric acid crystals with fibrosis
and giant cell reaction in soft tissues and joints; seen in gout
,10. Why are mental changes in HIV+ patients concerning?: HIV can trigger
inflammation
that can damage the brain and spinal chord, higher risk for sepsis, higher risk
for CNS infection and malignancies;
CHANGES CAN INCLUDE CONFUSION AND DELERIUM
11. What does pain look like in dementia patients?: Constant pacing, moving
or unwillingness to sit down. Moaning, crying, sighing and even heavy
breathing. Frowning, grimacing or a furrowed brow. Sleeping all day or not
being able to sleep.
12. What is leukocytosis?: high WBC count (above 10,000)
13. what is the normal leukocyte range?: 5,000-10,000
14. Who cannot receive live vaccines? why?: pregnant women, PT's with a high
fever, and immuno-
compromised; they are susceptible to actually being infected by
the live attenuated pathogens - people allergic to eggs cannot
get the flu shot
15 What is the pathology of gout?: high uric acid levels within the blood begin
to deposit within the synovial fluid filled joints, frequently beginning with the
big toe; known as an inflammatory arthritis
16. What is the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis?: -chronic, systemic,
inflammatory autoimmune disease
-exaggerated immune response
-neutrophils degrade surface layer of cartilage -inflammatory cytokines
breaking down cartilage and bone then T-cells
-fibroblasts to turn into a thick abnormal layer of tissue
-inflammation is constant and spreads to ALL synovial joints
17. What is the pathology of osteoarthritis?: Caused by wear and tear of
hyaline cartilage to the point where it is worn away.
18. What is the pathology of lupus?: autoimmune disorder characterized by
multisystem inflammation
,with the generation of autoantibodies; development is frequently associated
with retroviruses, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and HIV type 1 virus
19. What are some type 1 hypersensitivity reactions?: - immediate reaction
- anaphylaxis, allergic rhino-conjunctivitis, bronchial asthma, allergic
dermatitis
20. What are some type 2 hypersensitivity reactions?: - antibody mediated
immune reaction
in which antibodies and directed against cellular or extracellular matrix
antigens; results in CELL LYSIS or damage to cells or tissues
- forms of anemia, blood transfusion reactions myasthenia gravis, Rh+/Rh-,
certain platelet disorders, and some types of tissue transplant rejection.
21. What are some type 3 hypersensitivity reactions?: - abnormal immune
response
- vasculitis (skin), serum sickness (systemic), RA, and Lupus; immune
complexes deposit in various tissues
22. What are some type 4 hypersensitivity reactions?: - Delayed Hyper-
sensensitivity
- contact dermatitis, latex allergy or in response to some diagnostic procedures
as in the tuberculin skin test
23. What is the pathology of fibromyalgia?: stress-related disorder that
involves abnormal func-
tioning in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Similarly to other
psychiatric disorders, fibromyalgia has been associated with the inability to
suppress cortisol; widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by fatigue,
sleep, memory and mood issues
24. What is the first thing you should do if a patient is having an allergic
reaction
to an IV infusion?: stop the infusion, remove the tubing, protect the airway, call
for rapid response, apply O2 and pulse ox; do not need to remove IV as its
important to maintain access if they go into shock
, 25 What are the s/s of anaphylaxis?: Tachycardia, hypotension, wheezing,
swallowing difficulties, angioedema that starts at the face and moves down the
airway. (No peripheral edema)
26. What position is used for SOB?: high fowler's position or orthopenic
position
27. What are eosinophils?: disease fighting WBCs; often related to severe
allergic reactions
28. What are neutrophils?: WBC's that ingest and destroy microbes in a
process called phagocytosis; usually first one to injury site
29. What are basophils?: make up less than 1% of all circulating WBCs, have
the ability to detect and destroy some early cancer cells
30. What are lymphocytes?: b cells (which produce antibodies that are used
to attack invading pathogens) and t cells (focus on specific foreign particles)
31. What are monocytes?: long life span, and break down bacteria
32. What is the role of neutrophils that we should know?: first to respond to
viruses and bacteria
33. what is the role of eosinophils that we should know?: known for their role
in allergy symptoms
34. what is the role of basophils that we should know?: known for their role
in ashtma
35. what is the role of monocytes that we should know?: clean up dead cells
36. What is the role of lymphocytes that we should know?: fight infection by
producing
antibodies
37. What are the tests for lupus?: positive ANA
38. What does lupus affect?: everything; tons of pain
39. what is the treatment for lupus?: Avoid exposure to direct sunlight,
steroids and other immunosuppressants for acute flare-ups; needs to be
seen by a rheumatologist; fluoroquinolones
