NURS 401
Nurs 401 Exam 2 Questions and
Answers Graded A+ 2026
What is polycystic kidney disease?
Genetic Disorder (inherited)
No cure
The fluid-filled cysts develop in the renal tubule then they separate from the tubule
leaving isolated sacs.
Then the cysts become large and compress surrounding tissue, destroying
underlying renal tubule
What are the manifestations of polycystic kidney disease?
Hypertension
Hematuria
Lower back or flank pain
Headaches
Abdominal pain
Increased abdominal girth
Enlarged Kidneys
What do you monitor for a patient with polycystic kidney disease?
Look for abnormal vital signs
Monitor daily weights
-Get baseline weight and an increase could be a sign of fluid retention
Review lab results
-Could find signs of Anemia, Impaired Kidney Function, and Electrolyte
Imbalance
What do you need to diagnose polycystic kidney disease?
NURS 401
,NURS 401
Clinical manifestations
Patient and family history
Laboratory tests- UA
Abdominal ultrasound
MRI
IV pyelogram
CT scan
What are the medical treatments for polycystic kidney disease?
If it progress to CKD then hemodialysis
If not manage UTI, Pain, Hypertension, and prevent constipation
What are the potential complications of polycystic kidney disease?
Hypertension
Renal calculi
Recurrent UTIs
Hematuria
Heart valve abnormalities
Circulation Issues
What are nursing interventions for polycystic kidney disease?
Diet modification
-limit sodium/caffeine/alcohol, and avoid high protein diet
Fluid restriction
Admin meds as ordered
What should you teach your patient about polycystic kidney disease?
Immediately report clinical manifestations of infection
Follow prescribed dietary restrictions
Follow prescribed antihypertensive therapy
Follow prescribed antibiotics for diagnosed UTI’s
What is pyelonephritis?
NURS 401
, NURS 401
Kidney infection that is most commonly caused by bacteria that travel up the
urinary tract from the bladder to the kidneys.
What are the risk factors for pyelonephritis?
Multiple pre-existing UTI's
Pregnancy
What are the clinical manifestations of pyelonephritis?
Fever, chills, nausea, vomiting
Back or flank pain
Costovertebral tenderness (CVA tenderness)
Enlarged kidneys
What do you need to diagnose pyelonephritis?
Laboratory testing
-UA and Cultures
CT scan
Ultrasound
What are the treatments for pyelonephritis?
Hospitalization
Hydration
-PO or IV
Antibiotics
What are the two antibiotics given for pyelonephritis?
Bactrim
Cipro
When would you have surgery for a patient with pyelonephritis?
Emergency surgery if fever/pain > 48 hours
What is costovertebral tenderness?
NURS 401
Nurs 401 Exam 2 Questions and
Answers Graded A+ 2026
What is polycystic kidney disease?
Genetic Disorder (inherited)
No cure
The fluid-filled cysts develop in the renal tubule then they separate from the tubule
leaving isolated sacs.
Then the cysts become large and compress surrounding tissue, destroying
underlying renal tubule
What are the manifestations of polycystic kidney disease?
Hypertension
Hematuria
Lower back or flank pain
Headaches
Abdominal pain
Increased abdominal girth
Enlarged Kidneys
What do you monitor for a patient with polycystic kidney disease?
Look for abnormal vital signs
Monitor daily weights
-Get baseline weight and an increase could be a sign of fluid retention
Review lab results
-Could find signs of Anemia, Impaired Kidney Function, and Electrolyte
Imbalance
What do you need to diagnose polycystic kidney disease?
NURS 401
,NURS 401
Clinical manifestations
Patient and family history
Laboratory tests- UA
Abdominal ultrasound
MRI
IV pyelogram
CT scan
What are the medical treatments for polycystic kidney disease?
If it progress to CKD then hemodialysis
If not manage UTI, Pain, Hypertension, and prevent constipation
What are the potential complications of polycystic kidney disease?
Hypertension
Renal calculi
Recurrent UTIs
Hematuria
Heart valve abnormalities
Circulation Issues
What are nursing interventions for polycystic kidney disease?
Diet modification
-limit sodium/caffeine/alcohol, and avoid high protein diet
Fluid restriction
Admin meds as ordered
What should you teach your patient about polycystic kidney disease?
Immediately report clinical manifestations of infection
Follow prescribed dietary restrictions
Follow prescribed antihypertensive therapy
Follow prescribed antibiotics for diagnosed UTI’s
What is pyelonephritis?
NURS 401
, NURS 401
Kidney infection that is most commonly caused by bacteria that travel up the
urinary tract from the bladder to the kidneys.
What are the risk factors for pyelonephritis?
Multiple pre-existing UTI's
Pregnancy
What are the clinical manifestations of pyelonephritis?
Fever, chills, nausea, vomiting
Back or flank pain
Costovertebral tenderness (CVA tenderness)
Enlarged kidneys
What do you need to diagnose pyelonephritis?
Laboratory testing
-UA and Cultures
CT scan
Ultrasound
What are the treatments for pyelonephritis?
Hospitalization
Hydration
-PO or IV
Antibiotics
What are the two antibiotics given for pyelonephritis?
Bactrim
Cipro
When would you have surgery for a patient with pyelonephritis?
Emergency surgery if fever/pain > 48 hours
What is costovertebral tenderness?
NURS 401
