NUR 102 Fundamentals Test 1.

NUR 102 Fundamentals Test 1 v v v v




temperature

pulse

respiration

blood pressure v v




pain (often included as the 5th vital sign)
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pulse oximetry( often included in hospitalized patients) - ANSWER-✔✔Vital signs include
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Measurements of the body's most basic functions and useful in detecting or monitoring medical problems. -
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ANSWER-✔✔vital signs
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the difference between the amount of heat produced by the body and the amount of heat lost to the
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environment measured in degrees - ANSWER-✔✔Temperature
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35.9˚C to 38°C (97.6°F to 100.5°F) - ANSWER-✔✔Normal body temperatures
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age-body temps in older adults may be lower than the average adult temperature
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Sex- women tend to experience more fluctuations in body temperature than men
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Physical activity- physical exertion increases body temp
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,State of health- disease and other health problems may result in alterations of body temp
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Environmental temps- exposed to cold temps causing heat loss can lead to hypothermia. exposed to
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extremes of heat it can cause hyperthermia
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Time of day (circadian rhythm)- body temperature is usually 0.6°C (1.0 to 2.0°F) lower in the early morning
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than in the late afternoon and early evening - ANSWER-✔✔Temperature can have affects on
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metabolism

epinephrine and norepinephrine can be released to maintain balance v v v v v v v v




Thyroid hormone can increase metabolism and heat production
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Shivering can increase production of heat - ANSWER-✔✔Primary source of heat
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(goosebumps) in cold conditions, arrector pili muscles contract, causeing the hairs of the skin to stand up on
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end - ANSWER-✔✔Piloerection
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metabolism - ANSWER-✔✔Primary source of heat loss v v v v v v




maintained within a fairly constant range by the thermoregulatory set point of the thermoregulatory center
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in the hypothalamus - ANSWER-✔✔core body temperature
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diffusion or dissemination of heat by electromagnetic waves
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v - body gives off waves of heat from uncovered surfaces - ANSWER-✔✔Radiation
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Dissemination of heat by motion between areas of unequal density v v v v v v v v v




v - Oscillating fan blows current soft cool air across the surface of a warm body - ANSWER-✔✔Convection
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,Conversion of liquid to a vapor v v v v v




v - Perspiration and insensible loss is vaporized from the skin - ANSWER-✔✔Evaporation
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Transfer of heat to another object during direct contact
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v - Body transfers heat to an ice pack, causing the ice to melt - ANSWER-✔✔Conduction
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Person with normal body temperature - ANSWER-✔✔afebrile
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above normal body temperature - ANSWER-✔✔Pyrexia
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fever greater than 41°C (106°F)
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body must be cooled rapidly to prevent brain damage - ANSWER-✔✔hyperpyrexia
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The body temperature returns to normal at least once every 24 hours - ANSWER-✔✔intermittent fever
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the body temperature does not return to normal and fluctuates a few degrees up or down - ANSWER-
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✔✔Remittent fever v




temp remains above normal with minimal variations - ANSWER-✔✔sustained/continuous fever
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The body temperature returns to normal for one or more days with one or more episodes of fever, each as
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long as several days. - ANSWER-✔✔relapsing or recurrent fever
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Abnormally high body temperature - ANSWER-✔✔Hyperthermia v v v v v

, result of damage to the hypothalamus from pathologies such as intracranial trauma, intracranial bleeding,
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or increased intracranial pressure - ANSWER-✔✔neurogenic fever
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fever with an undetermined cause that last for 3 weeks or longer - ANSWER-✔✔fever of unknown origin
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loss of appetitev v v




headache v




dry skin v




flushed face v




thirst v




muscle aches v v




fatigue v




respiration increase v v




pulse increase - ANSWER-✔✔Patients with fever may experience
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-Antimicrobials only when microbe is present v v v v v




-Antipyretics

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- cool sponge baths, cool packs, hypothermia blankets - ANSWER-✔✔Treatment of Fever
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alcoholism, malnutrition, hypothyroidism, preoperative patients, newborn infants - ANSWER-✔✔risk of
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hypothermia
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Probe is placed into the sublingual pocket to asses temperature
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Normal temp 37.5°C (99.7 to 99.5°F) v v v v v