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Complete Real Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers
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What are the two most common blunt cardiac injuries -
ANSWER-Contusion of
the right atrium and right
ventricle
Explain the 10 steps of the management associated with blunt
injury to the chest - ANSWER-1. Ensure open airway
2. Administer high-flow oxygen
3. Load and go
4. Transport rapidly to appropriate hospital
5. Notify medical direction early
6. Apply cardiac monitor
7. If available, perform a 12-lead ECG (including V4R)
8. Treat for shock. Keep blood pressure just high enough to
maintain perfusion
(80-90 mmHg systolic)
9. Treat dysrhythmias as they present (based on AHA/ILCOR
guidelines) 10. Watch for other complications, including
hemothorax and pneomothorax.
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of needle
decompression of a
,tension pneumothorax by the lateral approach -
ANSWER-Advantages:
-Chest wall is thinner here so shorter needle will
more likely work
-Less likely to inadvertently cause hemorrhage from
vascular structures
-Can be done quickly without having to remove
body armour.
Disadvantages & Complications:
-More likely be dislodged if moving the patient.
-Can be more difficult to reach this area when the patient is in
the ambulance
(especially on the right side)
-Laceration of the intercostal vessels may cause hemorrhage
-Placing the needle to low can lacerate the liver or spleen,
and inserting the needle to high can can lacerate the axillary
artery, vein, or network of nerves known as the brachial
plexus -Laceration of the lung is possible
-Increased risk of catheter kinking
-Risk of infection
Explain the advantages, disadvantages, and complications of
needle decompression of a tension pneumothorax by the
anterior approach - ANSWER-Advantages:
-Air tends to accumulate in the anterior in a supine
patient -Easier to access when the patient is on the
stretcher.
,-Monitoring of the site is easier, especially less chance of
moving the needle when moving the patient.
Disadvantages & Complications:
-Proper needle length (6-9 cm) must be used.
-Laceration of the intercostal vessels may cause hemorrhage.
-Creation of a pneumothorax can occur if diagnosed wrong.
-Laceration of the lung is possible.
-Risk of infection.
Describe the three indications for emergency
decompression of a tension
pneumothorax - ANSWER-1. Respiratory distress
and cyanosis
2. Signs of
shock
3. Decreasing level of
conciousness
What is neurogenic (Spine) shock? - ANSWER-Shock caused
by spinal connections to the adrenal glands and to the blood
vessels are interrupted and the vasoconstrictors, epinepherine
and norepinephrine, are not produced. Without the
vasoconstrictors the blood vessels dilate and redistribute
blood flow to a larger vascular volume causing a relative
hypovolemia and the heart muscle cannot be stimulated to
contract harder and faster.
, What is mechanical shock? - ANSWER-Traumatic or medical
condition that slows or prevents the venous return of blood can
cause shock by lowering cardiac output and thus oxygen
delivery to the tissues. Likewise, anything that obstructs the
flow of blood to or thorugh the heart can cause shock. These
include: tension pneumothorax and cardiac tamponade.
What is cardiogenic shock? - ANSWER-When the heart muscle
itself is damaged. Pumping strength is reduced, cardiac output
falls, and blood pressure goes down. These include:
myocardial contusion or myocardial infarction.
List the four components of the vascular system necessary
for normal tissue
perfusion - ANSWER--Adequate air exchange in the lungs to
allow oxygen to
enter the blood:
oxygenation.
-Intact vascular system to deliver oxygenated blood
throughout the body: the
blood
vessels.
-Adequate volume of fluid in the vascular system: red blood
cells and plasma
-Functioning pump:
the heart
Complete Real Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers
| Verified Answers | Already Graded A+ | Guaranteed
Success!! | Newest Exam | Just Released!!
What are the two most common blunt cardiac injuries -
ANSWER-Contusion of
the right atrium and right
ventricle
Explain the 10 steps of the management associated with blunt
injury to the chest - ANSWER-1. Ensure open airway
2. Administer high-flow oxygen
3. Load and go
4. Transport rapidly to appropriate hospital
5. Notify medical direction early
6. Apply cardiac monitor
7. If available, perform a 12-lead ECG (including V4R)
8. Treat for shock. Keep blood pressure just high enough to
maintain perfusion
(80-90 mmHg systolic)
9. Treat dysrhythmias as they present (based on AHA/ILCOR
guidelines) 10. Watch for other complications, including
hemothorax and pneomothorax.
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of needle
decompression of a
,tension pneumothorax by the lateral approach -
ANSWER-Advantages:
-Chest wall is thinner here so shorter needle will
more likely work
-Less likely to inadvertently cause hemorrhage from
vascular structures
-Can be done quickly without having to remove
body armour.
Disadvantages & Complications:
-More likely be dislodged if moving the patient.
-Can be more difficult to reach this area when the patient is in
the ambulance
(especially on the right side)
-Laceration of the intercostal vessels may cause hemorrhage
-Placing the needle to low can lacerate the liver or spleen,
and inserting the needle to high can can lacerate the axillary
artery, vein, or network of nerves known as the brachial
plexus -Laceration of the lung is possible
-Increased risk of catheter kinking
-Risk of infection
Explain the advantages, disadvantages, and complications of
needle decompression of a tension pneumothorax by the
anterior approach - ANSWER-Advantages:
-Air tends to accumulate in the anterior in a supine
patient -Easier to access when the patient is on the
stretcher.
,-Monitoring of the site is easier, especially less chance of
moving the needle when moving the patient.
Disadvantages & Complications:
-Proper needle length (6-9 cm) must be used.
-Laceration of the intercostal vessels may cause hemorrhage.
-Creation of a pneumothorax can occur if diagnosed wrong.
-Laceration of the lung is possible.
-Risk of infection.
Describe the three indications for emergency
decompression of a tension
pneumothorax - ANSWER-1. Respiratory distress
and cyanosis
2. Signs of
shock
3. Decreasing level of
conciousness
What is neurogenic (Spine) shock? - ANSWER-Shock caused
by spinal connections to the adrenal glands and to the blood
vessels are interrupted and the vasoconstrictors, epinepherine
and norepinephrine, are not produced. Without the
vasoconstrictors the blood vessels dilate and redistribute
blood flow to a larger vascular volume causing a relative
hypovolemia and the heart muscle cannot be stimulated to
contract harder and faster.
, What is mechanical shock? - ANSWER-Traumatic or medical
condition that slows or prevents the venous return of blood can
cause shock by lowering cardiac output and thus oxygen
delivery to the tissues. Likewise, anything that obstructs the
flow of blood to or thorugh the heart can cause shock. These
include: tension pneumothorax and cardiac tamponade.
What is cardiogenic shock? - ANSWER-When the heart muscle
itself is damaged. Pumping strength is reduced, cardiac output
falls, and blood pressure goes down. These include:
myocardial contusion or myocardial infarction.
List the four components of the vascular system necessary
for normal tissue
perfusion - ANSWER--Adequate air exchange in the lungs to
allow oxygen to
enter the blood:
oxygenation.
-Intact vascular system to deliver oxygenated blood
throughout the body: the
blood
vessels.
-Adequate volume of fluid in the vascular system: red blood
cells and plasma
-Functioning pump:
the heart
