MCN 538 Exam 3 Actual Exam Newest 2025/2026
Complete Questions And Correct Detailed Answers
(Verified Answers) |Brand New Version!!
What is Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)? - (ANSWERS)Abnormal uterine
bleeding (AUB) is bleeding from the uterus that is abnormal in frequency, duration,
volume, and/or regularity.
AUB frequencies includes amenorrhea, frequent, and infrequent - what does each
frequency mean? - (ANSWERS)· Amenorrhea - no period
· Frequent - Less than 24 days
· Infrequent - Greater than 38 days
[Topic: AUB Duration] abnormal duration of bleeding would be how many days? -
(ANSWERS)Menstrual bleeding lasting more than 8 days
[Topic: AUB Volume] abnormal volume of bleeding is determined by what? -
(ANSWERS)the patient. Includes Light or Heavy bleeding. (is the bleeding
interfering with physical, social, emotional, or material quality of life)
[Topic: Medications & AUB] what supplements can increase vaginal bleeding by
disrupting platelet aggregation? - (ANSWERS)ginkgo biloba, ginseng, soy
[Topic: AUB Classification] what pneumonic can bc used to identify most common
structural problems or nonstructral problems? - (ANSWERS)PALM (structural) =
Polyp, Adenomyosis, Leiomyoma/Fibroid, Malignancy. COEIN (nonstructural) =
Coagulopathy, Ovulatory dysfunction, Endometrial, Iatrogenic, Not yet classified
True or false: structural causes of abnormal uterine bleeding (PALM) often causes
ovulatory bleeding despite normal ovulation, can be heavy menstrual bleeding or
intermenstrual bleeding, and be imaged or defined histopathologically -
(ANSWERS)true
This is a structural cause of AUB. Prevalence 8-35%; risk increases with age,
, MCN 538 Exam 3 Actual Exam Newest 2025/2026
Complete Questions And Correct Detailed Answers
(Verified Answers) |Brand New Version!!
obesity, HTN, HRT, tamoxifen; intermenstrual bleeding is presenting symptom;
95% benign; diagnosed via transvaginal US. What is it and how do we treat it? -
(ANSWERS)polyp. Treated with hysteroscopic polypectomy.
This is a structural cause of AUB. Endometrial tissue in myometrium; risk factors
include multiparity, C-section, endometrial curettage; most common age 40-50;
heavy, painful, prolonged cycles; diffuse uterine enlargement; diagnosed via US or
MRI. What is it and how do we treat it? - (ANSWERS)Adenomyosis. Treated non-
surgically with nsaids, LNG-IUS (Mirena/Liletta), DNG, cocs, gnrh
agonists/antagonists; surgical options: endomyometrial resection (limited), uterine
artery embolization (not fertility-sparing), HIFU (fertility-sparing)
This is a structural cause of AUB. _____ is a benign uterine smooth muscle tumors;
submucous type often cause intermenstrual bleeding; prevalence increases with age;
heavy, painful, prolonged cycles; enlarged or irregular uterus; diagnosed with US.
What is it and how do we treat it? - (ANSWERS)Leiomyoma. Treated non-
surgically with cocs, progestin-only pills, gnrh agonists (Depot Lupron), Elagolix,
Relugolix; surgical: myomectomy (fertility-sparing), uterine artery embolization,
endometrial ablation, hysterectomy
This is a structural cause of AUB. Risk factors include long-term unopposed
estrogen; diagnosis via endometrial biopsy; all women with AUB >45 or risk factors
should have endometrial sampling. What is it and how do we treat it? -
(ANSWERS)malignancy/hyperplasia. Treatment is often hysterectomy
What are the Non-Structural Causes of abnormal uterine bleeding? -
(ANSWERS)COEIN: Coagulopathy, Ovulatory dysfunction, Endometrial,
Iatrogenic, Not yet classified
This is a nonstructural cause of AUB. It is most common in adolescents; includes
, MCN 538 Exam 3 Actual Exam Newest 2025/2026
Complete Questions And Correct Detailed Answers
(Verified Answers) |Brand New Version!!
VWB, platelet disorders, thrombocytopenia, factor deficiencies, rare
leukemia/aplastic anemia; assessment: hx, family hx, labs (PT, PTT, CBC,
fibrinogen, lfts, thyroid, ferritin, VWB factors); what is it and how do we treat it? -
(ANSWERS)Coagulopathy. Treatment: identify cause, stop bleeding (COC,
progestin, TXA), avoid nsaids until evaluated, iron supplementation, maintain QOL
This is a nonstructural cause of AUB. Endocrine or functional causes: Anovulation,
immature HPO axis, thyroid disorders, PCOS, pregnancy, medications; assessment
includes menstrual hx, clots, hygiene, labs (B-HCG, CBC, thyroid, LFT, ferritin,
testosterone, prolactin, estradiol, progesterone, LH); what is it and how do we treat
it? - (ANSWERS)Ovulatory dysfunction. Treatment: address underlying endocrine
disorders, dietary/lifestyle modification, hormonal contraception (COC, progestin-
only, LNG-IUS), nsaids, TXA
This is a nonstructural cause of AUB. Endometrial dysfunction: dysregulated
hemostasis due to inflammation, infection, or vasoconstriction disorders; regular
cycles but HMB; diagnosis of exclusion. What is it and how do we treat it? -
(ANSWERS)Endometrial Causes. Treatment: hormonal contraception, TXA, dietary
changes (anti-inflammatory, omega-3s)
This is a nonstructural cause of AUB. Medical or pharmacologic treatment
disrupting menstruation: chemo/radiation, hormonal contraception, tamoxifen,
anticoagulants, dopamine antagonists (tricyclics, antipsychotics), diuretics
(spironolactone), opiates; assessment: PMH, surgical hx, medications, social hx;
what is it and how do we treat it? - (ANSWERS)Iatrogenic Causes. Treatment:
identify cause, adjust medications, TXA if needed
This is a nonstructural cause of AUB. Endometritis, C-section scar defects;
assessment: PMH, surgical/menstrual hx; what is it and how do we treat it? -
(ANSWERS)Not Yet Identified Causes. Treat endometritis, surgical revision if
Complete Questions And Correct Detailed Answers
(Verified Answers) |Brand New Version!!
What is Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)? - (ANSWERS)Abnormal uterine
bleeding (AUB) is bleeding from the uterus that is abnormal in frequency, duration,
volume, and/or regularity.
AUB frequencies includes amenorrhea, frequent, and infrequent - what does each
frequency mean? - (ANSWERS)· Amenorrhea - no period
· Frequent - Less than 24 days
· Infrequent - Greater than 38 days
[Topic: AUB Duration] abnormal duration of bleeding would be how many days? -
(ANSWERS)Menstrual bleeding lasting more than 8 days
[Topic: AUB Volume] abnormal volume of bleeding is determined by what? -
(ANSWERS)the patient. Includes Light or Heavy bleeding. (is the bleeding
interfering with physical, social, emotional, or material quality of life)
[Topic: Medications & AUB] what supplements can increase vaginal bleeding by
disrupting platelet aggregation? - (ANSWERS)ginkgo biloba, ginseng, soy
[Topic: AUB Classification] what pneumonic can bc used to identify most common
structural problems or nonstructral problems? - (ANSWERS)PALM (structural) =
Polyp, Adenomyosis, Leiomyoma/Fibroid, Malignancy. COEIN (nonstructural) =
Coagulopathy, Ovulatory dysfunction, Endometrial, Iatrogenic, Not yet classified
True or false: structural causes of abnormal uterine bleeding (PALM) often causes
ovulatory bleeding despite normal ovulation, can be heavy menstrual bleeding or
intermenstrual bleeding, and be imaged or defined histopathologically -
(ANSWERS)true
This is a structural cause of AUB. Prevalence 8-35%; risk increases with age,
, MCN 538 Exam 3 Actual Exam Newest 2025/2026
Complete Questions And Correct Detailed Answers
(Verified Answers) |Brand New Version!!
obesity, HTN, HRT, tamoxifen; intermenstrual bleeding is presenting symptom;
95% benign; diagnosed via transvaginal US. What is it and how do we treat it? -
(ANSWERS)polyp. Treated with hysteroscopic polypectomy.
This is a structural cause of AUB. Endometrial tissue in myometrium; risk factors
include multiparity, C-section, endometrial curettage; most common age 40-50;
heavy, painful, prolonged cycles; diffuse uterine enlargement; diagnosed via US or
MRI. What is it and how do we treat it? - (ANSWERS)Adenomyosis. Treated non-
surgically with nsaids, LNG-IUS (Mirena/Liletta), DNG, cocs, gnrh
agonists/antagonists; surgical options: endomyometrial resection (limited), uterine
artery embolization (not fertility-sparing), HIFU (fertility-sparing)
This is a structural cause of AUB. _____ is a benign uterine smooth muscle tumors;
submucous type often cause intermenstrual bleeding; prevalence increases with age;
heavy, painful, prolonged cycles; enlarged or irregular uterus; diagnosed with US.
What is it and how do we treat it? - (ANSWERS)Leiomyoma. Treated non-
surgically with cocs, progestin-only pills, gnrh agonists (Depot Lupron), Elagolix,
Relugolix; surgical: myomectomy (fertility-sparing), uterine artery embolization,
endometrial ablation, hysterectomy
This is a structural cause of AUB. Risk factors include long-term unopposed
estrogen; diagnosis via endometrial biopsy; all women with AUB >45 or risk factors
should have endometrial sampling. What is it and how do we treat it? -
(ANSWERS)malignancy/hyperplasia. Treatment is often hysterectomy
What are the Non-Structural Causes of abnormal uterine bleeding? -
(ANSWERS)COEIN: Coagulopathy, Ovulatory dysfunction, Endometrial,
Iatrogenic, Not yet classified
This is a nonstructural cause of AUB. It is most common in adolescents; includes
, MCN 538 Exam 3 Actual Exam Newest 2025/2026
Complete Questions And Correct Detailed Answers
(Verified Answers) |Brand New Version!!
VWB, platelet disorders, thrombocytopenia, factor deficiencies, rare
leukemia/aplastic anemia; assessment: hx, family hx, labs (PT, PTT, CBC,
fibrinogen, lfts, thyroid, ferritin, VWB factors); what is it and how do we treat it? -
(ANSWERS)Coagulopathy. Treatment: identify cause, stop bleeding (COC,
progestin, TXA), avoid nsaids until evaluated, iron supplementation, maintain QOL
This is a nonstructural cause of AUB. Endocrine or functional causes: Anovulation,
immature HPO axis, thyroid disorders, PCOS, pregnancy, medications; assessment
includes menstrual hx, clots, hygiene, labs (B-HCG, CBC, thyroid, LFT, ferritin,
testosterone, prolactin, estradiol, progesterone, LH); what is it and how do we treat
it? - (ANSWERS)Ovulatory dysfunction. Treatment: address underlying endocrine
disorders, dietary/lifestyle modification, hormonal contraception (COC, progestin-
only, LNG-IUS), nsaids, TXA
This is a nonstructural cause of AUB. Endometrial dysfunction: dysregulated
hemostasis due to inflammation, infection, or vasoconstriction disorders; regular
cycles but HMB; diagnosis of exclusion. What is it and how do we treat it? -
(ANSWERS)Endometrial Causes. Treatment: hormonal contraception, TXA, dietary
changes (anti-inflammatory, omega-3s)
This is a nonstructural cause of AUB. Medical or pharmacologic treatment
disrupting menstruation: chemo/radiation, hormonal contraception, tamoxifen,
anticoagulants, dopamine antagonists (tricyclics, antipsychotics), diuretics
(spironolactone), opiates; assessment: PMH, surgical hx, medications, social hx;
what is it and how do we treat it? - (ANSWERS)Iatrogenic Causes. Treatment:
identify cause, adjust medications, TXA if needed
This is a nonstructural cause of AUB. Endometritis, C-section scar defects;
assessment: PMH, surgical/menstrual hx; what is it and how do we treat it? -
(ANSWERS)Not Yet Identified Causes. Treat endometritis, surgical revision if
