Test-bank-for-immunology-and-serology-in-laboratory-
medicine-7th-edition-by-turgeon-chapter-1-27complete-
guide-a
Chapter 1-27
GR
Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
MULTIPLE CHOICE GR
1. The ―father‖ of immunology is generally considered to be
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur. GR
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: G R B
Louis Pasteur is generally considered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
DIF: Cognitive Level: I GR GR
2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans. GR
ANS: G R C
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
dried powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
DIF: Cognitive Level: I GR GR
3. A GR specific function of the immune system is to
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
a. recognize self from nonself. GR GR GR
b. defend the body against nonself.
GR GR GR GR
c. amplify specific functions. GR GR
d. Both A and B. GR GR GR
ANS: G R D
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the body
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
against nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system also has
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
nonspecific effector mechanisms that usually amplify the specific functions. Nonspecific
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
components of the immune system include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
leukocytes, and soluble factors (e.g., complement).
GR GR GR GR GR GR
DIF: Cognitive Level: I GR GR
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
GR GR GR GR GR
a. natural resistance. GR
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases.GR GR GR GR
, c. an autoimmune disorder.
GR GR
d. recovery from infectious disease. GR GR GR
ANS: G R C
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
resistance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
cause many disorders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy, rejection
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
of a transplanted organ, or an autoimmune disorder.
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
DIF: Cognitive Level: I GR GR
5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells. GR GR GR
ANS: G R D
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely distributed elements,
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
with the distinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility, replicability, and
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
cooperation among different cells or cellular products. Specificity and memory are
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
characteristics of lymphocytes in the immune system. Nonspecific elements of the
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
immune system demonstrate mobility. In addition, specific and nonspecific cellular
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
components of the immune system can replicate. Cooperation is required for optimal
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
functioning, and interaction involves specific cellular elements, cell products, and
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
nonlymphoid elements.
GR GR
DIF: Cognitive Level: I GR GR
6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
a. immediate hours after conception GR GR GR
b. second month of gestation. GR GR GR
c. second trimester of gestation. GR GR GR
d. periods of severe anemia in children.GR GR GR GR GR
ANS: G R A
The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence in the
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
embryo and fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second month of
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
gestation.
GR
DIF: Cognitive Level: II GR GR
7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow.
GR GR GR GR
b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen.
GR GR GR GR
c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow. GR GR GR GR
d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac.
GR GR GR GR
ANS: G R A
, The first blood cells are primitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) formed in the
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
islets of the yolk sac during the first 2 to 8 weeks of life. Gradually, the liver and
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
spleen replace the yolk sac as the sites of blood cell development. By the second
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
month of gestation, the liver becomes the major site of hematopoiesis, and granular
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
types of leukocytes have made their initial appearance. The liver and spleen
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
predominate from about 2 to 5 months of fetal life. In the fourth month of gestation,
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
bone marrow begins to produce blood cells. After the fifth fetal month, bone marrow
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
begins to assume its ultimate role as the primary site of hematopoiesis.
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
DIF: Cognitive Level: II GR GR
8. The primary function of mature neutrophils is
GR GR GR GR GR GR
a. to reduce inflammation.
GR GR
b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
GR GR GR GR GR GR
c. antigen recognition. GR
d. phagocytosis.
ANS: G R D
Various phagocytic cells continually circulate throughout the blood, lymph,
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
gastrointestinal system, and respiratory tract. When trauma occurs, the neutrophils arrive
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
at the site of injury and can be found in the initial exudate in less than 1 hour.
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
Monocytes are slower in moving to the inflammatory site. Macrophages resident in the
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
tissues of the body are already in place to deal with an intruding agent. Additional
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
macrophages from the bone marrow and other tissues can be released in severe
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
infections.
GR
DIF: Cognitive Level: II GR GR
9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B. GR GR GR
ANS: G R D
Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of three types
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes (e.g., GR GR GR GR GR GR
lysozyme, myeloperoxidase)
GR GR
2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin.
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
3. Tertiary granules containing substances such as caspases GR GR GR GR GR GR
DIF: Cognitive Level: I GR GR
10. The origin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating blood is
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
associated with:
GR GR
a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba GR
c. allergic reactions GR
d. bacteria
ANS: G R C
, An increase in eosinophils is associated with a wide variety of conditions, but especially
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
with allergic reactions, drug reactions, certain skin disorders, parasitic infestations,
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
collagen vascular diseases, Hodgkin disease, and myeloproliferative diseases.
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
A functional property related to the membrane receptors of the eosinophil is the cell’s
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
ability to interact with the larval stages of some helminth parasites and damage them
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
by oxidative mechanisms. Certain proteins released from eosinophilic granules damage
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
antibody-coated Schistosoma parasites and may account for damage to endothelial cells
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
in hypereosinophilic syndromes.
GR GR GR
DIF: Cognitive Level: I GR GR
11. A basophil degranulates in a(n)
GR GR GR GR
a. inflammatory reaction. GR
b. immediate (acute) hypersensitivity reaction. GR GR GR
c. chronic tissue rejection. GR GR
d. Both A and B. GR GR GR
ANS: G R B
Basophils have high concentrations of heparin and histamine in their granules. If events
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
are triggered by antigens from pollen, food, drugs, or insect venom, the result is an
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
immediate hypersensitivity reaction.
GR GR GR
DIF: Cognitive Level: II GR GR
12. Mononuclear cells are effective phagocytic cells against
GR GR GR GR GR GR
a. staphylococci.
b. streptococci.
c. Mycobacterium tuberculosis. GR
d. pneumonia.
ANS: G R C
Mononuclear cells are particularly effective as phagocytic cells because of the large
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
amounts of lipase in their cytoplasm. Lipase is able to attack bacteria with a lipid
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
capsule, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
GR GR GR GR GR
DIF: Cognitive Level: I GR GR
13. Macrophages
a. process antigens. GR
b. physically present biologically modified antigens to lymphocytes.
GR GR GR GR GR GR
c. secrete a lymphocyte-activating factor (IL-1) as a result of proper
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
GR MHC recognition. GR
d. All of the above. GR GR GR
ANS: G R D
The phagocytic property of the macrophage is particularly important in the processing of
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
antigens as part of the immune response. Macrophages are believed to process antigens
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
and physically present this biochemically modified and more reactive form of antigen to
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
lymphocytes (particularly T helper cells) as an initial step in the immune response.
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
DIF: Cognitive Level: II GR GR
medicine-7th-edition-by-turgeon-chapter-1-27complete-
guide-a
Chapter 1-27
GR
Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
MULTIPLE CHOICE GR
1. The ―father‖ of immunology is generally considered to be
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur. GR
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: G R B
Louis Pasteur is generally considered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
DIF: Cognitive Level: I GR GR
2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans. GR
ANS: G R C
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
dried powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
DIF: Cognitive Level: I GR GR
3. A GR specific function of the immune system is to
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
a. recognize self from nonself. GR GR GR
b. defend the body against nonself.
GR GR GR GR
c. amplify specific functions. GR GR
d. Both A and B. GR GR GR
ANS: G R D
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the body
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
against nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system also has
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
nonspecific effector mechanisms that usually amplify the specific functions. Nonspecific
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
components of the immune system include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
leukocytes, and soluble factors (e.g., complement).
GR GR GR GR GR GR
DIF: Cognitive Level: I GR GR
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
GR GR GR GR GR
a. natural resistance. GR
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases.GR GR GR GR
, c. an autoimmune disorder.
GR GR
d. recovery from infectious disease. GR GR GR
ANS: G R C
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
resistance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
cause many disorders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy, rejection
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
of a transplanted organ, or an autoimmune disorder.
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
DIF: Cognitive Level: I GR GR
5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells. GR GR GR
ANS: G R D
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely distributed elements,
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
with the distinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility, replicability, and
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
cooperation among different cells or cellular products. Specificity and memory are
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
characteristics of lymphocytes in the immune system. Nonspecific elements of the
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
immune system demonstrate mobility. In addition, specific and nonspecific cellular
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
components of the immune system can replicate. Cooperation is required for optimal
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
functioning, and interaction involves specific cellular elements, cell products, and
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
nonlymphoid elements.
GR GR
DIF: Cognitive Level: I GR GR
6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
a. immediate hours after conception GR GR GR
b. second month of gestation. GR GR GR
c. second trimester of gestation. GR GR GR
d. periods of severe anemia in children.GR GR GR GR GR
ANS: G R A
The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence in the
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
embryo and fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second month of
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
gestation.
GR
DIF: Cognitive Level: II GR GR
7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow.
GR GR GR GR
b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen.
GR GR GR GR
c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow. GR GR GR GR
d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac.
GR GR GR GR
ANS: G R A
, The first blood cells are primitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) formed in the
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
islets of the yolk sac during the first 2 to 8 weeks of life. Gradually, the liver and
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
spleen replace the yolk sac as the sites of blood cell development. By the second
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
month of gestation, the liver becomes the major site of hematopoiesis, and granular
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
types of leukocytes have made their initial appearance. The liver and spleen
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
predominate from about 2 to 5 months of fetal life. In the fourth month of gestation,
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
bone marrow begins to produce blood cells. After the fifth fetal month, bone marrow
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
begins to assume its ultimate role as the primary site of hematopoiesis.
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
DIF: Cognitive Level: II GR GR
8. The primary function of mature neutrophils is
GR GR GR GR GR GR
a. to reduce inflammation.
GR GR
b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
GR GR GR GR GR GR
c. antigen recognition. GR
d. phagocytosis.
ANS: G R D
Various phagocytic cells continually circulate throughout the blood, lymph,
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
gastrointestinal system, and respiratory tract. When trauma occurs, the neutrophils arrive
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
at the site of injury and can be found in the initial exudate in less than 1 hour.
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
Monocytes are slower in moving to the inflammatory site. Macrophages resident in the
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
tissues of the body are already in place to deal with an intruding agent. Additional
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
macrophages from the bone marrow and other tissues can be released in severe
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
infections.
GR
DIF: Cognitive Level: II GR GR
9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B. GR GR GR
ANS: G R D
Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of three types
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes (e.g., GR GR GR GR GR GR
lysozyme, myeloperoxidase)
GR GR
2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin.
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
3. Tertiary granules containing substances such as caspases GR GR GR GR GR GR
DIF: Cognitive Level: I GR GR
10. The origin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating blood is
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
associated with:
GR GR
a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba GR
c. allergic reactions GR
d. bacteria
ANS: G R C
, An increase in eosinophils is associated with a wide variety of conditions, but especially
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
with allergic reactions, drug reactions, certain skin disorders, parasitic infestations,
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
collagen vascular diseases, Hodgkin disease, and myeloproliferative diseases.
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
A functional property related to the membrane receptors of the eosinophil is the cell’s
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
ability to interact with the larval stages of some helminth parasites and damage them
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
by oxidative mechanisms. Certain proteins released from eosinophilic granules damage
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
antibody-coated Schistosoma parasites and may account for damage to endothelial cells
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
in hypereosinophilic syndromes.
GR GR GR
DIF: Cognitive Level: I GR GR
11. A basophil degranulates in a(n)
GR GR GR GR
a. inflammatory reaction. GR
b. immediate (acute) hypersensitivity reaction. GR GR GR
c. chronic tissue rejection. GR GR
d. Both A and B. GR GR GR
ANS: G R B
Basophils have high concentrations of heparin and histamine in their granules. If events
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
are triggered by antigens from pollen, food, drugs, or insect venom, the result is an
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
immediate hypersensitivity reaction.
GR GR GR
DIF: Cognitive Level: II GR GR
12. Mononuclear cells are effective phagocytic cells against
GR GR GR GR GR GR
a. staphylococci.
b. streptococci.
c. Mycobacterium tuberculosis. GR
d. pneumonia.
ANS: G R C
Mononuclear cells are particularly effective as phagocytic cells because of the large
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
amounts of lipase in their cytoplasm. Lipase is able to attack bacteria with a lipid
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
capsule, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
GR GR GR GR GR
DIF: Cognitive Level: I GR GR
13. Macrophages
a. process antigens. GR
b. physically present biologically modified antigens to lymphocytes.
GR GR GR GR GR GR
c. secrete a lymphocyte-activating factor (IL-1) as a result of proper
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
GR MHC recognition. GR
d. All of the above. GR GR GR
ANS: G R D
The phagocytic property of the macrophage is particularly important in the processing of
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
antigens as part of the immune response. Macrophages are believed to process antigens
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
and physically present this biochemically modified and more reactive form of antigen to
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
lymphocytes (particularly T helper cells) as an initial step in the immune response.
GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR GR
DIF: Cognitive Level: II GR GR
