HOSA Pathophysiology Questions and Answers Rated A
abduct - -move an arm or leg away from
the body acyanotic - -absence of a bluish
appearance of the skin and mucous membranes
abruptio placentae - -detachment of the
placenta from the uterus before birth; often adenocarcinoma - -a cancerous tumor
results in severe bleeding arising from glandular tissue
ablation - -excision or removal adenoma - -a benign neoplasm in which
cells are derived from glandular epithelium
abscess - -a localized collection of pus
surrounded by swollen tissue adenosarcoma - -a cancerous gland-like
tumor, such as Wilms' tumor
acetabulum - -the cup-shaped cavity in
which the ball-shaped head of the femur adenovirus - -a virus pathogenic to humans
articulates; hip socket that causes conjunctivitis, upper respiratory
infection, cystitis, or GI infection; may persist in
lymphoid tissue in latent period of the infection
achalasia - -failure of the esophagogastric
sphincter to relax with swallowing
adnexal - -pertaining to accessory organs
or tissues; an appendage(s)
acholic - -pale or clay-colored; this type of
stool usually results from problems in the biliary
system agglutination - -the clumping of antigens
with antibodies or of the red blood cells from one
type of blood with the red blood cells of another
acidemia - -a decreased pH of the blood; type
increased hydrogen ion concentration
aggregation - -the coming together of
acidosis - -a pathologic condition resulting entities such as platelets, blood cells, or diseases
from an abnormal increase in the level of
hydrogen ions in the body (decrease in pH),
resulting from the accumulation of acid or loss of agranulocytosis - -a condition of the blood
the alkaline reserve marked by a sudden decrease in the number of
granulocytes (a type of white blood cell); occurs
in lesions of the throat or other mucous
acute abdomen - -an abdominal condition membranes or as a side effect of the
of sudden onset, accompanied by pain resulting administration of certain drugs or radiation
from intraabdominal inflammation or infection
,HOSA Pathophysiology Questions and Answers Rated A
alkalosis - -excessive alkalinity of body
fluids analogue - -a drug that resembles another
but has different effects
allergen - -an antigenic substance capable
of producing an allergic response in the body anaphylaxis - -a severe systemic allergic
response characterized by redness, itching,
swelling, and water buildup (angioedema); in
allograft - -a graft of tissue between severe cases, life-threatening respiratory distress
genetically different individuals of the same occurs and the blood pressure drops rapidly
species (anaphylactic shock)
amblyopia - -reduced vision in an eye anaplastic - -a change in the orientation
without a detectable organic lesion and structure of cells; a loss of differentiation that
is characteristic of malignancy
amnesia - -a loss of memory; inability to
recall past experiences anastomosis - -the surgical or pathologic
connection between two vessels or tubular
structures
amniography - -radiography (after injection
of radiopaque contrast medium into the amniotic
fluid) of the pregnant uterus to detect placement anesthesia - -partial of complete loss of
of the placenta, the amniotic cavity, and the fetus sensation caused by injury, diseases, or the
administration of an anesthetic agent
amniotic fluid - -a transparent albuminous
liquid made by the amnion and the fetus; angina pectoris - -paroxysmal chest pain,
surrounds and protects the fetus during which often radiates to the arms and may be
pregnancy accompanied by a feeling of suffocation and
impending death; the most common cause is a
shortage of oxygen to the cardiac muscle linked
amylase - -an enzyme produced in the with coronary artery disease
salivary glands and pancreas that helps in
digestion of starches
angioplasty - -repair of a narrowed blood
vessel through surgery or other angiographic
amyloid - -a waxy, starchlike protein that procedures
tends to build up in tissues and organs in certain
pathologic conditions
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) - -an
enzyme found on the surface of blood vessels in
analgesia - -relief of pain the lungs and other tissues with vasopressive
action
, HOSA Pathophysiology Questions and Answers Rated A
antipyretic - -a drug or treatment that
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors - reduces or relieves fever
-agents that inhibit angiotensin-converting
enzyme (a potent vasoconstrictor) and promote
relaxation of blood vessels antiseptic - -a substance that inhibits the
growth of microorganisms
ankylosis - -immobility of a joint
antitrypsin - -a substance that inhibits
trypsin, an enzyme that hastens the hydrolysis of
anorexia - -loss of appetite for food protein
anosmia - -impairment or loss of smell anxiolytic - -a substance that diminishes
anxiety
antibody - -an immunoglobulin that may
combine with a specific antigen to destroy or aphasia - -a nerve defect that results in
control it loss of speech
anticholinergic - -a drug used to block the aphonia - -inability to produce normal
transmission of parasympathetic nerve impulses speech sounds or loss of voice
anticholinesterase - -any enzyme that aphthous ulcers - -recurrent painful canker
counteracts the action of the choline esters sores in the mouth
anticoagulant - -any substance that delays apicectomy - -surgical removal of the apex
or prevents blood clotting of an infected or damaged tooth root
antiemetic - -a medication that prevents or apnea - -the temporary cessation of
relieves nausea and vomiting breathing
antigen - -any substance that stimulates apoptosis - -a pattern of cell death affecting
the immune system to produce antibodies single cells; refers to programmed cell death
antimicrobial - -a substance that kills arrhythmia - -variation or loss of normal
microorganisms or suppresses their growth rhythm of the heartbeat
abduct - -move an arm or leg away from
the body acyanotic - -absence of a bluish
appearance of the skin and mucous membranes
abruptio placentae - -detachment of the
placenta from the uterus before birth; often adenocarcinoma - -a cancerous tumor
results in severe bleeding arising from glandular tissue
ablation - -excision or removal adenoma - -a benign neoplasm in which
cells are derived from glandular epithelium
abscess - -a localized collection of pus
surrounded by swollen tissue adenosarcoma - -a cancerous gland-like
tumor, such as Wilms' tumor
acetabulum - -the cup-shaped cavity in
which the ball-shaped head of the femur adenovirus - -a virus pathogenic to humans
articulates; hip socket that causes conjunctivitis, upper respiratory
infection, cystitis, or GI infection; may persist in
lymphoid tissue in latent period of the infection
achalasia - -failure of the esophagogastric
sphincter to relax with swallowing
adnexal - -pertaining to accessory organs
or tissues; an appendage(s)
acholic - -pale or clay-colored; this type of
stool usually results from problems in the biliary
system agglutination - -the clumping of antigens
with antibodies or of the red blood cells from one
type of blood with the red blood cells of another
acidemia - -a decreased pH of the blood; type
increased hydrogen ion concentration
aggregation - -the coming together of
acidosis - -a pathologic condition resulting entities such as platelets, blood cells, or diseases
from an abnormal increase in the level of
hydrogen ions in the body (decrease in pH),
resulting from the accumulation of acid or loss of agranulocytosis - -a condition of the blood
the alkaline reserve marked by a sudden decrease in the number of
granulocytes (a type of white blood cell); occurs
in lesions of the throat or other mucous
acute abdomen - -an abdominal condition membranes or as a side effect of the
of sudden onset, accompanied by pain resulting administration of certain drugs or radiation
from intraabdominal inflammation or infection
,HOSA Pathophysiology Questions and Answers Rated A
alkalosis - -excessive alkalinity of body
fluids analogue - -a drug that resembles another
but has different effects
allergen - -an antigenic substance capable
of producing an allergic response in the body anaphylaxis - -a severe systemic allergic
response characterized by redness, itching,
swelling, and water buildup (angioedema); in
allograft - -a graft of tissue between severe cases, life-threatening respiratory distress
genetically different individuals of the same occurs and the blood pressure drops rapidly
species (anaphylactic shock)
amblyopia - -reduced vision in an eye anaplastic - -a change in the orientation
without a detectable organic lesion and structure of cells; a loss of differentiation that
is characteristic of malignancy
amnesia - -a loss of memory; inability to
recall past experiences anastomosis - -the surgical or pathologic
connection between two vessels or tubular
structures
amniography - -radiography (after injection
of radiopaque contrast medium into the amniotic
fluid) of the pregnant uterus to detect placement anesthesia - -partial of complete loss of
of the placenta, the amniotic cavity, and the fetus sensation caused by injury, diseases, or the
administration of an anesthetic agent
amniotic fluid - -a transparent albuminous
liquid made by the amnion and the fetus; angina pectoris - -paroxysmal chest pain,
surrounds and protects the fetus during which often radiates to the arms and may be
pregnancy accompanied by a feeling of suffocation and
impending death; the most common cause is a
shortage of oxygen to the cardiac muscle linked
amylase - -an enzyme produced in the with coronary artery disease
salivary glands and pancreas that helps in
digestion of starches
angioplasty - -repair of a narrowed blood
vessel through surgery or other angiographic
amyloid - -a waxy, starchlike protein that procedures
tends to build up in tissues and organs in certain
pathologic conditions
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) - -an
enzyme found on the surface of blood vessels in
analgesia - -relief of pain the lungs and other tissues with vasopressive
action
, HOSA Pathophysiology Questions and Answers Rated A
antipyretic - -a drug or treatment that
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors - reduces or relieves fever
-agents that inhibit angiotensin-converting
enzyme (a potent vasoconstrictor) and promote
relaxation of blood vessels antiseptic - -a substance that inhibits the
growth of microorganisms
ankylosis - -immobility of a joint
antitrypsin - -a substance that inhibits
trypsin, an enzyme that hastens the hydrolysis of
anorexia - -loss of appetite for food protein
anosmia - -impairment or loss of smell anxiolytic - -a substance that diminishes
anxiety
antibody - -an immunoglobulin that may
combine with a specific antigen to destroy or aphasia - -a nerve defect that results in
control it loss of speech
anticholinergic - -a drug used to block the aphonia - -inability to produce normal
transmission of parasympathetic nerve impulses speech sounds or loss of voice
anticholinesterase - -any enzyme that aphthous ulcers - -recurrent painful canker
counteracts the action of the choline esters sores in the mouth
anticoagulant - -any substance that delays apicectomy - -surgical removal of the apex
or prevents blood clotting of an infected or damaged tooth root
antiemetic - -a medication that prevents or apnea - -the temporary cessation of
relieves nausea and vomiting breathing
antigen - -any substance that stimulates apoptosis - -a pattern of cell death affecting
the immune system to produce antibodies single cells; refers to programmed cell death
antimicrobial - -a substance that kills arrhythmia - -variation or loss of normal
microorganisms or suppresses their growth rhythm of the heartbeat
