BIO 141 UMBC Exam 3 Study Guide/Study Questions
With Complete Solutions
Compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis. - ANSWER Number of times DNA is
replicated 1
Number of cell divisions 1 mitosis, 2 meiosis
Number of daughter cells produced 2 mitosis, 4 meiosis
"Ploidy" of daughter cells stays the same in mitosis, cut in half in meiosis
Type of cells in which the process occurs somatic cells mitosis, germ cells meiosis
Number and genetic make-up of chromosomes in parent cell compared to daughter
cells
What is the difference between diploid and haploid? - ANSWER Diploid organisms have
two alleles of the same gene, each allele carried on a homologous chromosome while
haploid organisms only have one allele
What cells in the body are diploid and which are haploid? - ANSWER Gametes are
haploid while almost all other body cells are diploid
,What kind of diploid cells can become haploid cells? - ANSWER Germ cells are diploid
and go on to form haploid gametes
If a particular species of plant is made up of cells that each have 30 separate
chromosomes, 15 of which appear to be paired in terms of size and shape, what is the
"ploidy" of this plant? What is the term for these similar chromosomes? - ANSWER The
cell is 2n and n is 15 therefore ploidy is 30
These similar chromosomes are homologous chromosomes
What is the ploidy of a different plant species in which the cells also have 30 separate
chromosomes, but there seem to be 10 triplets of similar size and shape? How many
different alleles can the same gene of a tetraploid plant have? - ANSWER The cell is 10n
and n is 30 therefore ploidy is 300
It can have 3 different alleles
Draw cells in metaphase of mitosis, metaphase I of meiosis, and metaphase II of meiosis.
What is different between the chromosomes in your three drawing? - ANSWER During
metaphase of mitosis, individual chromosomes line up at metaphase plate
During metaphase I of meiosis, homologous pair of chromosomes line up
, During metaphase II of meiosis, individual chromosomes line up
Metaphase I of meiosis consists of homologous chromosomes that are paired together
while metaphase of mitosis and metaphase II consist of individual chromosomes
Explain what takes place immediately after metaphase in mitosis, meiosis I, and meiosis
II. (Don't just name the phases; describe specifically what happens.) What happens if the
steps you just described do not occur correctly during meiosis? State the term for this
sort of meiotic error and the term that describes the resulting daughter cells. - ANSWER
During anaphase, either sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes begin to
separate and in telophase, they finish moving to opposite poles and the nuclear
envelope reforms
If both homologs during meiosis I or both sister chromatids during meiosis II move to
the same pole of the parent cell, nondisjunction will occur because the homologs or
sister chromatids failed to separate.
The resulting daughter cells will be aneuploid (too few or too many chromosomes of a
particular type).
What happens during crossing over? - ANSWER During crossing over, the non-sister
chromatids from each homolog have been broken at the chiasmata and reciprocal
changes occur between different homologs. As a result, non-sister chromatids that have
both maternal and paternal segments are formed.
Why is "recombination" an alternative term for what happens during the process of
With Complete Solutions
Compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis. - ANSWER Number of times DNA is
replicated 1
Number of cell divisions 1 mitosis, 2 meiosis
Number of daughter cells produced 2 mitosis, 4 meiosis
"Ploidy" of daughter cells stays the same in mitosis, cut in half in meiosis
Type of cells in which the process occurs somatic cells mitosis, germ cells meiosis
Number and genetic make-up of chromosomes in parent cell compared to daughter
cells
What is the difference between diploid and haploid? - ANSWER Diploid organisms have
two alleles of the same gene, each allele carried on a homologous chromosome while
haploid organisms only have one allele
What cells in the body are diploid and which are haploid? - ANSWER Gametes are
haploid while almost all other body cells are diploid
,What kind of diploid cells can become haploid cells? - ANSWER Germ cells are diploid
and go on to form haploid gametes
If a particular species of plant is made up of cells that each have 30 separate
chromosomes, 15 of which appear to be paired in terms of size and shape, what is the
"ploidy" of this plant? What is the term for these similar chromosomes? - ANSWER The
cell is 2n and n is 15 therefore ploidy is 30
These similar chromosomes are homologous chromosomes
What is the ploidy of a different plant species in which the cells also have 30 separate
chromosomes, but there seem to be 10 triplets of similar size and shape? How many
different alleles can the same gene of a tetraploid plant have? - ANSWER The cell is 10n
and n is 30 therefore ploidy is 300
It can have 3 different alleles
Draw cells in metaphase of mitosis, metaphase I of meiosis, and metaphase II of meiosis.
What is different between the chromosomes in your three drawing? - ANSWER During
metaphase of mitosis, individual chromosomes line up at metaphase plate
During metaphase I of meiosis, homologous pair of chromosomes line up
, During metaphase II of meiosis, individual chromosomes line up
Metaphase I of meiosis consists of homologous chromosomes that are paired together
while metaphase of mitosis and metaphase II consist of individual chromosomes
Explain what takes place immediately after metaphase in mitosis, meiosis I, and meiosis
II. (Don't just name the phases; describe specifically what happens.) What happens if the
steps you just described do not occur correctly during meiosis? State the term for this
sort of meiotic error and the term that describes the resulting daughter cells. - ANSWER
During anaphase, either sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes begin to
separate and in telophase, they finish moving to opposite poles and the nuclear
envelope reforms
If both homologs during meiosis I or both sister chromatids during meiosis II move to
the same pole of the parent cell, nondisjunction will occur because the homologs or
sister chromatids failed to separate.
The resulting daughter cells will be aneuploid (too few or too many chromosomes of a
particular type).
What happens during crossing over? - ANSWER During crossing over, the non-sister
chromatids from each homolog have been broken at the chiasmata and reciprocal
changes occur between different homologs. As a result, non-sister chromatids that have
both maternal and paternal segments are formed.
Why is "recombination" an alternative term for what happens during the process of
