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Topic - the general subject of the the text
Main idea - the key message or thesis of the text
Key points - key points and their supporting details develop the main idea
Summary - a brief restatement of the main idea and the most important key points
and details
Inference - a conclusion reached by critical thinking, reading between the lines,
applying logic to facts and evidence while recognizing context clues
Inference (explicit) - clearly stated
Inference (implied) - implied; not directly stated
Conclusion - a deduction made about an unstated outcome based on prediction,
details, evidence, and results
,Descriptive - includes sensory details to create a clear mental picture for the reader
Expository - informs, explains, or tells how to do something; uses only facts and
examples
Narrative - tells a story to entertain, inform, or challenge
Persuasive - includes facts and strong opinions to make the reader feel, think, or
behave a certain way
Bias - tendency toward a preconceived idea
Connotative meaning - the implied meaning of a word, with assumptions or an
emotional charge attached to it
Denotative meaning - the standard dictionary definition of a word
Rhetorical device - stylistic language used to have an emotional or persuasive effect
on the reader
Tone - the writer's attitude or emotions concerning the topic
Argument - a point the author believes
Compare and Contrast - to compare means to look for similarities; to contrast means
to look for differences
Prediction - a reader's guess of what could happen, based on details found in the
text
Primary source - a firsthand, unaltered document by the original author or creator;
includes novels, letters, original research papers, datasets, paintings photographs
Secondary source - a document that analyzes, discusses, or reproduces a primary
source; includes textbooks and many other nonfiction books, review articles,
biographies
Tertiary source - a reference work that consolidates information from primary and
secondary sources; includes encyclopedias, handbooks, study guides
PEMDAS - parentheses, exponents, multiplication, division, addition, and subtraction
Least common denominator - the smallest number into which two or more
denominators will divide evenly
Decimals - represent parts of a whole
Ratio - a comparison between the quantity of one item and the quantity of another
item
, Mean - the average of a set of numbers
Median - the middle number
Mode - the number that appears most often in a set of numbers
Range - measures the spread of a given set of numbers
Area - the amount of space within the boundary of the shape
Perimeter - the distance around the shape
Volume - the amount of space the object occupies or can hold, as measured in cubic
units
Pythagorean theorem - applies to right triangles; a^2 + b^2 = c^2
Acute angles - angles <90 degrees
Hypotenuse - the side opposite the right angle
Straight angle - 180 degree angle
Celsius to Fahrenheit - (C x 1.8) + 32
Fahrenheit to Celsius - (F - 32) / 1.8
Independent variable - can be manipulated
Dependent variable - the variable that is a possible effect
Balance - instrument used to measure an object's mass
Correlation - the relationship between variables
Positive correlation - both variables move in the same direction
Negative correlation - one variable increases while the other decreases
Distribution of data - symmetry, unimodal, bimodal, bell curve, skewed, uniform
Meniscus - the curve at the surface of a liquid in a tube
Outlier - a value that does not fit the pattern in the data
Simple probability - equals the number of specific desired outcomes divided by the
total number of possible outcomes