CSOWM EXAM PREP QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS

CSOWM EXAM PREPQUESTIONSWITH v v v v




CORRECT ANSWERS 2025 v v v




Physical Activity for Children/Adolescents with DM (1 & 2) & Pre-DM - CORRECT ANSWER -
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At least 60 min/day of moderate to vigorous aerobic activity
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vigorous muscle strengthening and bone strengthening activity at least 3 days per week
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Physical Activity for Adults with DM - CORRECT ANSWER -
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150 min of moderate to vigorous aerobic activity weekly (over at least 3 days)
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no more than 2 consecutive days w/o activity
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75 min of vigorous aerobic activity weekly (if appropriate)
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2-3 weekly sessions of resistance exercise on non consecutive days
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all adults should decrease sedentary time (interrupt every 30 min for BG benefit)
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flexibility & balance training recommended 2-3 times weekly for older adults with DM
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Potential contraindications for diabetes and exercise - CORRECT ANSWER -
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Retinopathy (risk of vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment)
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Peripheral neuropathy (exam feet, wear protection)
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Autonomic neuropathy (thorough cardiac eval) v v v v




Diabetic kidney disease (acutely increase urinate albumin excretion) , however no specific exercise rest
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rictions needed.
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,DM and Psychosocial Care - CORRECT ANSWER -Should be integrated with a pt-
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centered approach & provided to all people diagnosed
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may include attitudes: expectations with meds and outcomes, affect or mood, QOL, resources like fina
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ncial, social, emotional, and psychiatric history
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Critical times to evaluate DSMES - CORRECT ANSWER -1. At diagnosis
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2. Annually

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4. When transitions in care occur v v v v




Behavior Management for Diabetics - CORRECT ANSWER -DSMES
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v MNT

Physical Activity v




Smoking cessation v




v Psychosocial care v




Pharmacotherapy for type 2 DM - CORRECT ANSWER -Metformin initially (low cost) v v v v v v v v v v v




Early insulin if evidence of catabolism, hyperglycemia, & A1c > 10%
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SGLT-2 inhibitors or GLP-1 agonist in patients with CVD, kidney dx, or heart failure
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DPP-4 inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER -weight neutral type II DM medication ends
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v in -gliptin
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(Januvia)

Better GI tolerability over Metformin
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Type II DM Meds that cause weight gain - CORRECT ANSWER -Thiazolidinediones (low cost)
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,Sulfonylureas (Glyburide, Glipizide, Glimepiride) (low cost) v v v v v




v Insulin



GLP-1 Agonists - CORRECT ANSWER -Liraglutide (Victoza, Saxenda)
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v Semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy) v v




Exenatide
Dulaglutide (Trulicity) v




Injections that affect POMC neurons and cause satiety v v v v v v v




SGLT2 inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER -Canagliflozin (Invokana)
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v Dapagliflozin (Farxiga) v




Empagliflozin (Jardiance) v




prevents reabsorptions of glucose as well as water in the renal tubules
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Assessment of Obesity Management in Type II DM - CORRECT ANSWER - v v v v v v v v v v v




Annual BMI calculations (more frequently if necessary)
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Inpatient eval may be necessary if deterioration of medical status is associated with significant weight gain
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or loss (medication use, food intake, glycemic status)
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For pt's with high weight-related stress, special accommodations should be made to ensure privacy
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Obesity Management in Type II DM (short-term) - CORRECT ANSWER -
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Diet, PA, and BT designed to achieve and maintain >/= 5% weight loss (3- 5%
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is minimum for any benefit)
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>/= 16 sessions in 6 months
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Achieve a 500-750 kcal deficit (individualized meal planning)
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, Individual or group settings v v v




Very low-calorie diets (</= 800 kcal) prescribed only to carefully selected patients
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Obesity Management in Type II DM (long-term) - CORRECT ANSWER - For
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>/= 1 year weight maintenance:
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- minimum monthly contact v v




- 200-300 min/wk of physical activity v v v v




-self-monitoring



Look AHEAD Trial - CORRECT ANSWER -Assessed long-
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term health consequences of intentional wt loss. Showed feasibility of achievingGand maintaining long-
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term (13.5 years) weight loss in patients with type II DM.
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Participants randomly assigned to the intensive lifestyle group achieved equivalent risk factor control b ut
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required fewer glucose-, blood pressure-, and lipid-
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lowering meds than those randomly assigned to standard care. Other improvements included increase d
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mobility, physical and sexual functioning, and health-related QoL
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(did NOT show reduced CVD events in diabetics & overweight/obesity)
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DM meds that can promote weight loss - CORRECT ANSWER -Metformin
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v Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors v




SGLT-2 inhibitors v




GLP-1 agonsits
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Amylin mimetics (Pramlintide) v v




Metabolic Surgery for Type II DM - CORRECT ANSWER -BMI >/= 35 (Asian Americans >/= 32.5)
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Pts who do not achieve durable weight loss and improvement in comorbidities with nonsurgical metho ds
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