PSYCH 10000/20000 EXAM 4 NOTRE DAME
QUESTIONS
William James described the self as comprising the following two components: -
Answers -the I and the Me
Because our self-concepts change with experience, some psychologists have
suggested
that we should think of ourselves in terms of _____ and _____ selves. - Answers -
current; future
Independent construal is to _____ as interdependent construal is to _____ - Answers -
self-reliance; strong social bonds
When social psychologists study how the perceptions, thoughts, and motives of one
person become known to other persons they are studying - Answers -impression
formation
Which of the following are the two types of attributions? - Answers -internal and
external
_____ is the aspect of attribution that focuses on the extent to which another person's
behavior is similar over time - Answers -consistency
If a friend tells you that you are a good writer and you have other friends who tell you
the same thing, you will likely attribute her remark as _____ due to _____ - Answers -
situational; consensus
Counter defensive self-serving biases are at play when we: - Answers -take the blame
for negative events and avoid taking credit for positive events
Most people are likely to attribute the causes of other people's behavior as being due to
_____ rather than _____ - Answers -dispositional factors; situational factors
Suppose that on the first day of your psychology class, you observe a particular
classmate to be a bit rude and arrogant. You attribute his conceit to his personality
rather than the fact that something happened that may have upset him. Your attribution
about the causes of his behavior is an example of the - Answers -fundamental
attribution error
The tendency of people to explain their own behavior in terms of situational factors and
others' behaviors in terms of dispositional factors is termed - Answers -the actor-
observer effect
, The tendency of a person to believe that his or her own views are representative of
what others also perceive is called - Answers -the false consensus effect
A heuristic by which people classify things into the category to which it appears to be
the most similar is called the _____ heuristic - Answers -representativeness
Devonia, a recent acquaintance of yours, is an attractive, outgoing, and ambitious
woman. When someone asks you whether she is a secretary or a manager, you reply, "I
don't know for sure but knowing what she is like, I'd say that she is an executive." Your
response reflects the use of _____ heuristic - Answers -representativeness
Attitudes consist of which three different components? - Answers -affective, behavioral,
and cognitive
An enduring evaluation of an object or event, positive or negative, is called a - Answers
-attitude
Cognitive dissonance theory states that - Answers -dissonance reduction is motivated
by an aversive state of tension
Antonio is an environmentalist who works in a local logging mill. Although he feels that
working at the mill is a contradiction, he says that it was the only job he could find, and
now that he has gotten two raises, he is making more money there than he could if he
were to find another job. In this example, Antonio - Answers -reduced dissonance by
adding consonant elements
Which participants in the Festinger and Carlsmith study justified their behavior by
changing their attitudes? - Answers -Those who were paid $1
The theory that we come to understand our attitudes and emotions by observing our
own behavior and the circumstances in which it occurs is called _____ theory -
Answers -self-perception
Research by Zajonc showed that the more people viewed nonsense words, the more
they like them. Zajonc termed this outcome the - Answers -mere exposure efffect
Liking is a function of which factors? - Answers -reciprocity, familiarity, similarity,
attractiveness, proximity
Which of the following is not a factor that forms the basis of who we like? - Answers -
bonding
At a party, James' friends, who are under 21, are drinking alcohol and pressure him to
join them. Although James is also underage and does not agree with underage drinking,
he starts drinking as well. This is an example of: - Answers -compliance
QUESTIONS
William James described the self as comprising the following two components: -
Answers -the I and the Me
Because our self-concepts change with experience, some psychologists have
suggested
that we should think of ourselves in terms of _____ and _____ selves. - Answers -
current; future
Independent construal is to _____ as interdependent construal is to _____ - Answers -
self-reliance; strong social bonds
When social psychologists study how the perceptions, thoughts, and motives of one
person become known to other persons they are studying - Answers -impression
formation
Which of the following are the two types of attributions? - Answers -internal and
external
_____ is the aspect of attribution that focuses on the extent to which another person's
behavior is similar over time - Answers -consistency
If a friend tells you that you are a good writer and you have other friends who tell you
the same thing, you will likely attribute her remark as _____ due to _____ - Answers -
situational; consensus
Counter defensive self-serving biases are at play when we: - Answers -take the blame
for negative events and avoid taking credit for positive events
Most people are likely to attribute the causes of other people's behavior as being due to
_____ rather than _____ - Answers -dispositional factors; situational factors
Suppose that on the first day of your psychology class, you observe a particular
classmate to be a bit rude and arrogant. You attribute his conceit to his personality
rather than the fact that something happened that may have upset him. Your attribution
about the causes of his behavior is an example of the - Answers -fundamental
attribution error
The tendency of people to explain their own behavior in terms of situational factors and
others' behaviors in terms of dispositional factors is termed - Answers -the actor-
observer effect
, The tendency of a person to believe that his or her own views are representative of
what others also perceive is called - Answers -the false consensus effect
A heuristic by which people classify things into the category to which it appears to be
the most similar is called the _____ heuristic - Answers -representativeness
Devonia, a recent acquaintance of yours, is an attractive, outgoing, and ambitious
woman. When someone asks you whether she is a secretary or a manager, you reply, "I
don't know for sure but knowing what she is like, I'd say that she is an executive." Your
response reflects the use of _____ heuristic - Answers -representativeness
Attitudes consist of which three different components? - Answers -affective, behavioral,
and cognitive
An enduring evaluation of an object or event, positive or negative, is called a - Answers
-attitude
Cognitive dissonance theory states that - Answers -dissonance reduction is motivated
by an aversive state of tension
Antonio is an environmentalist who works in a local logging mill. Although he feels that
working at the mill is a contradiction, he says that it was the only job he could find, and
now that he has gotten two raises, he is making more money there than he could if he
were to find another job. In this example, Antonio - Answers -reduced dissonance by
adding consonant elements
Which participants in the Festinger and Carlsmith study justified their behavior by
changing their attitudes? - Answers -Those who were paid $1
The theory that we come to understand our attitudes and emotions by observing our
own behavior and the circumstances in which it occurs is called _____ theory -
Answers -self-perception
Research by Zajonc showed that the more people viewed nonsense words, the more
they like them. Zajonc termed this outcome the - Answers -mere exposure efffect
Liking is a function of which factors? - Answers -reciprocity, familiarity, similarity,
attractiveness, proximity
Which of the following is not a factor that forms the basis of who we like? - Answers -
bonding
At a party, James' friends, who are under 21, are drinking alcohol and pressure him to
join them. Although James is also underage and does not agree with underage drinking,
he starts drinking as well. This is an example of: - Answers -compliance
