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Sociologie VUB : Examenvergelijkingskader (gebaseerd op oude examenvragen)

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Dit document is een vergelijkingskader voor het sociologie-examen aan de VUB. Het is geen klassieke samenvatting, maar een overzicht dat je helpt om examenvragen snel te koppelen aan de juiste theorie (Durkheim, Weber, Marx, Parsons, interactionisme, rational choice, moderniteit, ongelijkheid, enz.). Het is opgebouwd op basis van oude examenvragen en de leerstof, met kernideeën, wat een theorie wel en niet zegt, en typische examenzinnen.

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Dit is geen samenvatting maar een referentiekader om vergelijkingen
beter te begrijpen. Het examen zal bestaan uit voornamelijk vergelijkingen
van verschillende theorieën. Dit vergelijkingskader is gebaseerd op oude
examens waar telkens de belangrijkste theorieën zijn uitgehaald en waar
is gekeken welke theorieën vaak tegenover elkaar worden gezet.

Inhoudsopgave
A: Klassieke grondleggers..............................................................................3
1: Durkheim (normatief)................................................................................................. 3
2: Weber......................................................................................................................... 3
3: Marx........................................................................................................................... 3

B: micro – macrotheorieën..............................................................................4
1: Rationele keuzetheorie............................................................................................... 4
2: Symbolisch interactionisme........................................................................................4
3: Goffman: interactionisme........................................................................................... 5
4: Parsons: functionalisme.............................................................................................. 5

C: Orde & samenhang.....................................................................................5
1: sociale normen........................................................................................................... 5
2: sociale rollen............................................................................................................... 6
3: sociale instituties........................................................................................................ 6
4: sociale controle........................................................................................................... 6
5: functionalisme............................................................................................................ 7

D: Moderniteit................................................................................................7
1: modernisering............................................................................................................ 7
2: individualisering......................................................................................................... 8
3: secularisering............................................................................................................. 8
4: differentiatie............................................................................................................... 8
5: legitimerende derden................................................................................................. 8

E: ongelijkheid & macht..................................................................................9
1: klassen....................................................................................................................... 9
2: meritocratie................................................................................................................ 9
3: sociale mobiliteit......................................................................................................... 9
4: cultureel kapitaal: Bourdieu......................................................................................10
5: discriminatie............................................................................................................. 10

F: Globalisering & ontwikkeling.....................................................................10
1: neoklassieke theorie................................................................................................. 10
2: ontwikkelingsstaat.................................................................................................... 10
3: institutionele/ culturele theorie.................................................................................11

, 4: demografische transitie............................................................................................11
5: migratie.................................................................................................................... 11

G: 4 verschillende assen om ALTIJD te gebruiken (op het examen)..................11
1: ascribed <-> achieved status...................................................................................11
2: economische <-> cultureel <-> kapitaal..................................................................12
3: vrije markt <-> staat<-> cultuur.............................................................................12
4: modernisering is GEEN vooruitgang.........................................................................12

H: macht, kennis & disciplinering..................................................................12
1: Foucault: macht via kennis.......................................................................................12
2: discipline en zelfcontrole.......................................................................................... 13

I: interpretatie & werkelijkheid.....................................................................13
1: Definitie van de situatie: Thomas-theorema.............................................................13

J: collectieve actie........................................................................................14
1: probleem van collectieve actie: Olson......................................................................14

K: kritische sociologie..................................................................................14
1: ontsluieren van de werkelijkheid..............................................................................14

L: rollen en identiteit....................................................................................14
1: collectivistische roltheorie........................................................................................14
2: roldistantie................................................................................................................ 15
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