SHS 250 Exam 1 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2026/2027
Clinical phonetics - Answers applications of phonetics to describe speech differences and
disorders, including information about speech sounds and the perceptual skills used in clinical
settings
Phonetics - Answers the study of speech sounds.
International Phonetic Alphabet - Answers a set of symbols adopted by International Phonetic
Association to serve as a standardized means to represent the sounds of all the world's spoken
languages
linguistic complexity - Answers the context in which you are listening to a sound (isolated, in a
word, in conversation, etc)
response complexity - Answers the number of sounds you are targeting at a given time
target sound - Answers a sound to be transcribed, occurring either in isolation or together with
other speech sounds
Two-way scoring - Answers a perceptual system in which speech sound productions are
dichotomized into two classes representing typical versus atypical behavior
five-way scoring - Answers a perceptual system in which speech sounds are typically classified
as typical versus one of four error types: an addition, a deletion (or omission), a substitution, or
a distortion
deletion or omission - Answers a speech production error in which a sound is omitted
substitution - Answers a speech production error in which a speech sound is replaced by
another speech sound
distortion - Answers a speech production error in which a speech sound is recognizable as the
correct sound but is not produced exactly correctly
addition - Answers a speech production error in which a sound is incorrectly added (before or
after) to another sound
phonetic transcription - Answers a visual representation of speech sounds, typically
accomplished with the symbols of the international phonetic association (IPA). the main
symbols represent individual phonemes or allophones, and transcriptions may include marks for
sound modifications, stress level, and other aspects of speech. broad transcription pertains
mainly to phonemes of a language, whereas narrow transcription includes finer variations
including allophonic modifications
broad transcription - Answers transcription that uses only phonemes and doesn't indicate finer
variations or involve diacritic marks
, narrow transcription - Answers includes symbols that both represent the phonemes produced
as well as describe slight variations in the production of those sounds.
grammar - Answers a set of rules dictating what is and is not a well-formed utterance in a
particular language
speech - Answers a pattern of sounds produced by movement of speech organs (also a pattern
of acoustic vibration)
sign language - Answers a system of communication that uses manual symbols, such as hand
positions, postures, and movements to express language.
speech community - Answers a group of people who live within the same geographic
boundaries and use the same language
dialect - Answers a subset of patterns within a language based on regional or social boundaries.
these patterns govern the use of sounds and/or word choice and grammar.
regional dialect - Answers a pattern of language usage that is shared by people living in a
particular geographic region. a language may have numerous regional dialects
mainstream american english - Answers a dialect of american english that is considered
relatively neutral and is widely used in broadcasting in the united states
idiolect - Answers an individual or personal pattern of language usage. each user of a language
has an idiolect
morpheme - Answers the smallest unit of meaning
lexicon - Answers an inventory of the morphemes in a language
morphology - Answers the study of the structure of words.
morphemic transcription - Answers a written account of the morphemic content of a written
sample
phones - Answers a particular occurrence of a speech sound segment
phonemes - Answers the smallest unit of sound that can distinguish between morphemes.
minimal pair - Answers two morphemes differing in only one phoneme.
grapheme - Answers a unit in the writing system of a language
orthography - Answers the conventional system of written spelling used in a language
alphabet - Answers a system of written symbols used to express a language
Clinical phonetics - Answers applications of phonetics to describe speech differences and
disorders, including information about speech sounds and the perceptual skills used in clinical
settings
Phonetics - Answers the study of speech sounds.
International Phonetic Alphabet - Answers a set of symbols adopted by International Phonetic
Association to serve as a standardized means to represent the sounds of all the world's spoken
languages
linguistic complexity - Answers the context in which you are listening to a sound (isolated, in a
word, in conversation, etc)
response complexity - Answers the number of sounds you are targeting at a given time
target sound - Answers a sound to be transcribed, occurring either in isolation or together with
other speech sounds
Two-way scoring - Answers a perceptual system in which speech sound productions are
dichotomized into two classes representing typical versus atypical behavior
five-way scoring - Answers a perceptual system in which speech sounds are typically classified
as typical versus one of four error types: an addition, a deletion (or omission), a substitution, or
a distortion
deletion or omission - Answers a speech production error in which a sound is omitted
substitution - Answers a speech production error in which a speech sound is replaced by
another speech sound
distortion - Answers a speech production error in which a speech sound is recognizable as the
correct sound but is not produced exactly correctly
addition - Answers a speech production error in which a sound is incorrectly added (before or
after) to another sound
phonetic transcription - Answers a visual representation of speech sounds, typically
accomplished with the symbols of the international phonetic association (IPA). the main
symbols represent individual phonemes or allophones, and transcriptions may include marks for
sound modifications, stress level, and other aspects of speech. broad transcription pertains
mainly to phonemes of a language, whereas narrow transcription includes finer variations
including allophonic modifications
broad transcription - Answers transcription that uses only phonemes and doesn't indicate finer
variations or involve diacritic marks
, narrow transcription - Answers includes symbols that both represent the phonemes produced
as well as describe slight variations in the production of those sounds.
grammar - Answers a set of rules dictating what is and is not a well-formed utterance in a
particular language
speech - Answers a pattern of sounds produced by movement of speech organs (also a pattern
of acoustic vibration)
sign language - Answers a system of communication that uses manual symbols, such as hand
positions, postures, and movements to express language.
speech community - Answers a group of people who live within the same geographic
boundaries and use the same language
dialect - Answers a subset of patterns within a language based on regional or social boundaries.
these patterns govern the use of sounds and/or word choice and grammar.
regional dialect - Answers a pattern of language usage that is shared by people living in a
particular geographic region. a language may have numerous regional dialects
mainstream american english - Answers a dialect of american english that is considered
relatively neutral and is widely used in broadcasting in the united states
idiolect - Answers an individual or personal pattern of language usage. each user of a language
has an idiolect
morpheme - Answers the smallest unit of meaning
lexicon - Answers an inventory of the morphemes in a language
morphology - Answers the study of the structure of words.
morphemic transcription - Answers a written account of the morphemic content of a written
sample
phones - Answers a particular occurrence of a speech sound segment
phonemes - Answers the smallest unit of sound that can distinguish between morphemes.
minimal pair - Answers two morphemes differing in only one phoneme.
grapheme - Answers a unit in the writing system of a language
orthography - Answers the conventional system of written spelling used in a language
alphabet - Answers a system of written symbols used to express a language
