IMMUNOLOGY FINAL- WEIGEL PCB
3233
mast0cells0-0ans✔involved0in0allergic0responses0in0tissue
eosinophils0-0ans✔Stain0red
fight0parasitic0worm0infections
basophils0-
0ans✔stain0with0basic0dyes0(blue);0controlling0immune0responses0to0parasites0
involved0in0allergic0responses0in0blood
megakaryocyte0-
0ans✔a0bone0marrow0cell0responsible0for0the0production0of0blood0platelets0when0its0cy
toplasm0becomes0fragmented
erythrocytes0-0ans✔Oxygen0carrying0cell0(RBC)
antibodies0(Abs)0-0ans✔immunoglobulins;
-0part0of0humoral0immunity
MALT0-
0ans✔defends0mucosal0surfaces0lining0of0digestive,0respiratory0and0urogenital0tracts
GALT0-
0ans✔includes0tonsils,0adenoids,0appendix0and0Peyer's0patches0that0line0the0gut
BALT0-0ans✔bronchial-associated0lymphoid0tissues
CR30and0CR40recognize0-0ans✔iC3b
LPS
Factor0P0-
0ans✔binds0to0C30convertase0on0microbial0surfaces0and0protects0it0from0inhibition0by0f
actor0H
,antimicrobial0peptides0-
0ans✔defensins,0two0types0:0alpha0and0beta;0secreted0by0epithelial0cells0-
0penetrates0the0microbial0membrane0and0disrupts0it
C-reactive0Protein0(CRP)0-
0ans✔pentamer0of0identical0subunits,0binds0to0phosphorycholine0component0of0LPS;0b
inds0with0C1q
toll-like0receptors0(TLRs)0-
0ans✔receptors0or0sensors0for0pathogen0components0that0signal0macrophage0to0mak
e0and0secrete0cytokines
TLR-40-
0ans✔senses0ligand0LPS;0expressed0on0macrophages;0sends0signal0to0the0nucleus0of
0the0macrophage0to0secrete0inflammatory0cytokines0as0well0as0cytokines0that0activate0
innate0immune0response
IL-10beta0and0TNF-alpha0-0ans✔induces0blood0vessels0to0become0more0permeable,0
0>0effector0cells0and0fluid0containing0soluble0effector0molecules0enter0infected0tissue
IL-60-0ans✔induces0fat0and0muscle0cells0to0metabolize
make0heat
raise0the0temperature0in0the0infected0tissue
IL-10beta,0IL-6,0TNF-alpha0-0ans✔pyrogens,0inflammatory0cytokines
CXCL80-0ans✔=0IL-
8;0recruits0neutrophils0from0the0blood0and0guides0them0to0the0infected0tissue
IL-120-
0ans✔recruits0and0activates0NK0cells0that0in0turn0secrete0cytokines0that0strengthen0the
0macrophages0response0to0infection
NOD-Like0receptors0-0ans✔cytoplasmic0receptors0for0recognition0of0pathogens
NOD-10-0ans✔recognizes0a0degradation0product0of0gram0(-)0peptidoglycan
NOD-20-0ans✔recognizes0a0degradation0product0of0most0bacteria-0murmyl0dipeptide
leukocyte0adhesion0molecules0-0ans✔1.0L-selectins-0carbohydrate0-binding0lectins0
0-0Ligand0=0GlyCAM-1,0CD34,0MadCAM-1
2.0vascular0addressins0(CD34)0-0contain0carbohydrate0groups0which0selectins0bind0
0-0Ligand0=0L-selectin
3.0integrins0(LFA-1,0CD11a/CD18)-0bind0to0Ig0superfamily0proteins0
0-0Ligand0=0ICAMs
4.0immunoglobulin0superfamily0(CD2/LFA-2)0-0ICAM-1
, 0-0Ligand0=0LFA-3
extravasation0-
0ans✔allow0the0neutrophils0to0exit0the0blood0near0the0site0of0infection0(rolling0adhesio
n>0tight0binding>0diapedesis0>0migration)
respiratory0burst0-
0ans✔transient0increase0in0oxygen0consumption=0purpose0is0to0raise0the0pH0of0the0ph
agosome0so0the0granule0contents0can0become0active0to0kill0pathogen
netosis0-
0ans✔a0way0neutrophils0die0that0leads0to0capture0and0destruction0of0the0pathogen
acute0phase0proteins0-
0ans✔produced0in0response0to0inflammatory0cytokines;0produced0by0hepatocytes0in0liv
er
MASP0-0ans✔MBL-associated0serine0protease
-0MASP-10and0MASP-2
0-0MASP-20(serine0protease)
0-0cleaves0C40and0C2
0-0initiates0complement0activation
type0I0interferon0-0ans✔-0interferes0with0viral0replication0by0infected0cells
-0alert0immune0system0cells0that0infection0is0present
-0make0virus-infected0cells0more0vulnerable0to0killer0lymphocyte0attack
affinity0-0ans✔the0tightness0of0binding0of0an0antibody0binding0site0to0an0antigen
-
0antibodies0produced0by0a0memory0response0have0a0higher0affinity0than0those0in0a0pri
mary0response
avidity0-
0ans✔the0firmness0of0association0between0a0multi0determinant0antigen0and0the0antibo
dies0produced0against0it
proteases0-0ans✔cleave0antibody0into0Fab0and0Fc0fragments0(20Fab0and010Fc)
0-0Fab0(fragment0antigen0binding)0=0antigen0binding0part
0-0Fc0(fragment0crystallizable)0=0part0responsible0for0effector0functions
antibody0classes0-
0ans✔heavy0chain0constant0regions0define0five0main0isotypes0of0antibodies:0IgA,0IgD,0
IgE,0IgG0and0IgM
light0chain0isotypes0-0ans✔kappa0and0lambda
3233
mast0cells0-0ans✔involved0in0allergic0responses0in0tissue
eosinophils0-0ans✔Stain0red
fight0parasitic0worm0infections
basophils0-
0ans✔stain0with0basic0dyes0(blue);0controlling0immune0responses0to0parasites0
involved0in0allergic0responses0in0blood
megakaryocyte0-
0ans✔a0bone0marrow0cell0responsible0for0the0production0of0blood0platelets0when0its0cy
toplasm0becomes0fragmented
erythrocytes0-0ans✔Oxygen0carrying0cell0(RBC)
antibodies0(Abs)0-0ans✔immunoglobulins;
-0part0of0humoral0immunity
MALT0-
0ans✔defends0mucosal0surfaces0lining0of0digestive,0respiratory0and0urogenital0tracts
GALT0-
0ans✔includes0tonsils,0adenoids,0appendix0and0Peyer's0patches0that0line0the0gut
BALT0-0ans✔bronchial-associated0lymphoid0tissues
CR30and0CR40recognize0-0ans✔iC3b
LPS
Factor0P0-
0ans✔binds0to0C30convertase0on0microbial0surfaces0and0protects0it0from0inhibition0by0f
actor0H
,antimicrobial0peptides0-
0ans✔defensins,0two0types0:0alpha0and0beta;0secreted0by0epithelial0cells0-
0penetrates0the0microbial0membrane0and0disrupts0it
C-reactive0Protein0(CRP)0-
0ans✔pentamer0of0identical0subunits,0binds0to0phosphorycholine0component0of0LPS;0b
inds0with0C1q
toll-like0receptors0(TLRs)0-
0ans✔receptors0or0sensors0for0pathogen0components0that0signal0macrophage0to0mak
e0and0secrete0cytokines
TLR-40-
0ans✔senses0ligand0LPS;0expressed0on0macrophages;0sends0signal0to0the0nucleus0of
0the0macrophage0to0secrete0inflammatory0cytokines0as0well0as0cytokines0that0activate0
innate0immune0response
IL-10beta0and0TNF-alpha0-0ans✔induces0blood0vessels0to0become0more0permeable,0
0>0effector0cells0and0fluid0containing0soluble0effector0molecules0enter0infected0tissue
IL-60-0ans✔induces0fat0and0muscle0cells0to0metabolize
make0heat
raise0the0temperature0in0the0infected0tissue
IL-10beta,0IL-6,0TNF-alpha0-0ans✔pyrogens,0inflammatory0cytokines
CXCL80-0ans✔=0IL-
8;0recruits0neutrophils0from0the0blood0and0guides0them0to0the0infected0tissue
IL-120-
0ans✔recruits0and0activates0NK0cells0that0in0turn0secrete0cytokines0that0strengthen0the
0macrophages0response0to0infection
NOD-Like0receptors0-0ans✔cytoplasmic0receptors0for0recognition0of0pathogens
NOD-10-0ans✔recognizes0a0degradation0product0of0gram0(-)0peptidoglycan
NOD-20-0ans✔recognizes0a0degradation0product0of0most0bacteria-0murmyl0dipeptide
leukocyte0adhesion0molecules0-0ans✔1.0L-selectins-0carbohydrate0-binding0lectins0
0-0Ligand0=0GlyCAM-1,0CD34,0MadCAM-1
2.0vascular0addressins0(CD34)0-0contain0carbohydrate0groups0which0selectins0bind0
0-0Ligand0=0L-selectin
3.0integrins0(LFA-1,0CD11a/CD18)-0bind0to0Ig0superfamily0proteins0
0-0Ligand0=0ICAMs
4.0immunoglobulin0superfamily0(CD2/LFA-2)0-0ICAM-1
, 0-0Ligand0=0LFA-3
extravasation0-
0ans✔allow0the0neutrophils0to0exit0the0blood0near0the0site0of0infection0(rolling0adhesio
n>0tight0binding>0diapedesis0>0migration)
respiratory0burst0-
0ans✔transient0increase0in0oxygen0consumption=0purpose0is0to0raise0the0pH0of0the0ph
agosome0so0the0granule0contents0can0become0active0to0kill0pathogen
netosis0-
0ans✔a0way0neutrophils0die0that0leads0to0capture0and0destruction0of0the0pathogen
acute0phase0proteins0-
0ans✔produced0in0response0to0inflammatory0cytokines;0produced0by0hepatocytes0in0liv
er
MASP0-0ans✔MBL-associated0serine0protease
-0MASP-10and0MASP-2
0-0MASP-20(serine0protease)
0-0cleaves0C40and0C2
0-0initiates0complement0activation
type0I0interferon0-0ans✔-0interferes0with0viral0replication0by0infected0cells
-0alert0immune0system0cells0that0infection0is0present
-0make0virus-infected0cells0more0vulnerable0to0killer0lymphocyte0attack
affinity0-0ans✔the0tightness0of0binding0of0an0antibody0binding0site0to0an0antigen
-
0antibodies0produced0by0a0memory0response0have0a0higher0affinity0than0those0in0a0pri
mary0response
avidity0-
0ans✔the0firmness0of0association0between0a0multi0determinant0antigen0and0the0antibo
dies0produced0against0it
proteases0-0ans✔cleave0antibody0into0Fab0and0Fc0fragments0(20Fab0and010Fc)
0-0Fab0(fragment0antigen0binding)0=0antigen0binding0part
0-0Fc0(fragment0crystallizable)0=0part0responsible0for0effector0functions
antibody0classes0-
0ans✔heavy0chain0constant0regions0define0five0main0isotypes0of0antibodies:0IgA,0IgD,0
IgE,0IgG0and0IgM
light0chain0isotypes0-0ans✔kappa0and0lambda
