MSN 570 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM
PROFESSORS NOTES EXAM SCRIPT 2026
UPDATED QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ What does the Respiratory Zone do. Answer: Allow inhaled oxygen to
diffuse into the lung capillaries in exchange for CO2
⩥ Conducting Zone. Answer: nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi,
bronchioles
⩥ What does conducting zone do. Answer: conducts air to respiratory
zone, humidifies, warms, and filters air
⩥ Most common cancer mutation. Answer: Acquired
⩥ What does anticholinergic mean. Answer: blockade of muscarinic
receptors - This inhibits nerve impulses responsible for involuntary
muscle movements and various bodily functions
⩥ What does dopamine do?. Answer: influences movement, learning,
attention, and emotion. Dopamine enables neurons in your brain to
communicate and control movement.
, ⩥ What does messenger RNA do?. Answer: Transcribes information
from the DNA in the nucleus and carries it to the cytoplasm, and then to
the ribosome. Single-stranded, intermediate molecule. Carries the
instructions for making proteins.
⩥ What do ribosomes do?. Answer: Make proteins (protein synthesis)
⩥ Neurotransmitters. Answer: chemical messengers that cross the
synaptic gaps between neurons
⩥ Neurotransmitters at the parasympathetic postganglionic synapses.
Answer: Acetylcholine and nitric oxide
⩥ Atropine Neurotransmitters. Answer: Atropine is a muscarinic
receptor antagonist that is used to inhibit the effects of excessive vagal
activation on the heart, which is manifested as sinus bradycardia and AV
nodal block. Therefore, atropine can temporarily revert sinus
bradycardia to normal sinus rhythm and reverse AV nodal blocks by
removing vagal influences.
⩥ alpha adreneric receptors. Answer:
⩥ Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers. Answer: -Blocks NE/Epi effects on
heart - less Ca++ entry
PROFESSORS NOTES EXAM SCRIPT 2026
UPDATED QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ What does the Respiratory Zone do. Answer: Allow inhaled oxygen to
diffuse into the lung capillaries in exchange for CO2
⩥ Conducting Zone. Answer: nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi,
bronchioles
⩥ What does conducting zone do. Answer: conducts air to respiratory
zone, humidifies, warms, and filters air
⩥ Most common cancer mutation. Answer: Acquired
⩥ What does anticholinergic mean. Answer: blockade of muscarinic
receptors - This inhibits nerve impulses responsible for involuntary
muscle movements and various bodily functions
⩥ What does dopamine do?. Answer: influences movement, learning,
attention, and emotion. Dopamine enables neurons in your brain to
communicate and control movement.
, ⩥ What does messenger RNA do?. Answer: Transcribes information
from the DNA in the nucleus and carries it to the cytoplasm, and then to
the ribosome. Single-stranded, intermediate molecule. Carries the
instructions for making proteins.
⩥ What do ribosomes do?. Answer: Make proteins (protein synthesis)
⩥ Neurotransmitters. Answer: chemical messengers that cross the
synaptic gaps between neurons
⩥ Neurotransmitters at the parasympathetic postganglionic synapses.
Answer: Acetylcholine and nitric oxide
⩥ Atropine Neurotransmitters. Answer: Atropine is a muscarinic
receptor antagonist that is used to inhibit the effects of excessive vagal
activation on the heart, which is manifested as sinus bradycardia and AV
nodal block. Therefore, atropine can temporarily revert sinus
bradycardia to normal sinus rhythm and reverse AV nodal blocks by
removing vagal influences.
⩥ alpha adreneric receptors. Answer:
⩥ Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers. Answer: -Blocks NE/Epi effects on
heart - less Ca++ entry
