OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology 2e IAG | Instructor Answer Guide with Chapter Answers, Lab Support & Exam Solutions

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OpenStax Anatomy & Physiology 2e Instructor Answer Guide


Anatomy & Physiology 2e
Unit 1: Levels of Organization
Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Human Body
Review Questions
1. What kind of catabolism occurs in the heart?
Answer
Fatty acid catabolism.
2. Water concentration in the body is critical for proper functioning. A person’s body retains
very tight control on water levels without conscious control by the person. Which organ has
primary control over the amount of water in the body?
Answer
The kidneys.
3. A CT or CAT scan relies on a circling scanner that revolves around the patient’s body. What
type of radiation does a CT scanner use?
Answer
X-rays.
4. A patient undergoing an MRI is surrounded by a tube-shaped scanner. What is the function of
magnets in an MRI?
Answer
The magnets induce tissue to emit radio signals that can show differences between different
types of tissue.
5. PET relies on radioactive substances administered several minutes before the scan. How is
PET used in chemotherapy?
Answer
PET scans can indicate how patients are responding to chemotherapy

6. Which of the following specialties might focus on studying all of the structures of the ankle
and foot?
Answer
C. regional anatomy
7. A scientist wants to study how the body uses foods and fluids during a marathon run. This
scientist is most likely a(n) ________.
Answer
A. exercise physiologist
8. The smallest independently functioning biological unit of an organism is a(n) ________.
Answer
A. cell
9. A collection of similar tissues that performs a specific function is an ________.
Answer
A. organ
10. The body system responsible for structural support and movement is the ________.
Answer
D. skeletal system
11. Metabolism can be defined as the ________.
Answer
D. sum of all chemical reactions in an organism

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12. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an important molecule because it ________.
Answer
C. stores energy for use by body cells
13. Cancer cells can be characterized as “generic” cells that perform no specialized body
function. Thus cancer cells lack ________.
Answer
A. differentiation
14. Humans have the most urgent need for a continuous supply of ________.
Answer
C. oxygen
15. Which of the following statements about nutrients is true?
Answer
A. All classes of nutrients are essential to human survival.
16. C.J. is stuck in a car during a bitterly cold blizzard. CJ’s body responds to the cold by
________.
Answer
C. breaking down stored energy
17. After you eat lunch, nerve cells in your stomach respond to the distension (the stimulus)
resulting from the food. They relay this information to ________.
Answer
A. a control center
18. Stimulation of the heat-loss center causes ________.
Answer
C. sweat glands to increase their output
19. Which of the following is an example of a normal physiologic process that uses a positive
feedback loop?
Answer
B. childbirth
20. What is the position of the body when it is in the “normal anatomical position?”
Answer
D. None of the above
21. To make a banana split, you halve a banana into two long, thin, right and left sides along the
________.
Answer
C. midsagittal plane
22. The lumbar region is ________.
Answer
D. superior to the popliteal region
23. The heart is within the ________.
Answer
B. mediastinum
24. In 1901, Wilhelm Röntgen was the first person to win the Nobel Prize for physics. For what
discovery did he win?
Answer
D. X-rays



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25. Which of the following imaging techniques would be best to use to study the uptake of
nutrients by rapidly multiplying cancer cells?
Answer
C. PET
26. Which of the following imaging studies can be used most safely during pregnancy?
Answer
C. ultrasound
27. What are two major disadvantages of MRI scans?
Answer
B. high cost and the need for shielding from the magnetic signals

Critical Thinking Questions
28. Name at least three reasons to study anatomy and physiology.
Answer
An understanding of anatomy and physiology is essential for any career in the health professions.
It can also help you make choices that promote your health, respond appropriately to signs of
illness, make sense of health-related news, and help you in your roles as a parent, spouse,
partner, friend, colleague, and caregiver.
29. For whom would an appreciation of the structural characteristics of the human heart come
more easily: an alien who lands on Earth, abducts a human, and dissects his heart, or an anatomy
and physiology student performing a dissection of the heart on her very first day of class? Why?
Answer
A student would more readily appreciate the structures revealed in the dissection. Even though
the student has not yet studied the workings of the heart and blood vessels in her class, she has
experienced her heart beating every moment of her life, has probably felt her pulse, and likely
has at least a basic understanding of the role of the heart in pumping blood throughout her body.
This understanding of the heart’s function (physiology) would support her study of the heart’s
form (anatomy).
30. Name the six levels of organization of the human body
Answer
Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.
31. The ovaries and the testes are a part of which body system? Can these organs be members of
more than one organ system? Why or why not?
Answer
The ovaries and the testes are parts of the reproductive system. But they also secrete hormones,
as does the endocrine system, therefore ovaries and testes function within both the endocrine and
reproductive systems.
32. Explain why the smell of smoke when you are sitting at a campfire does not trigger alarm,
but the smell of smoke in your residence hall does.
Answer
When you are sitting at a campfire, your sense of smell adapts to the smell of smoke. Only if that
smell were to suddenly and dramatically intensify would you be likely to notice and respond. In
contrast, the smell of even a trace of smoke would be new and highly unusual in your residence
hall, and would be perceived as danger.
33. Identify three different ways that growth can occur in the human body.
Answer

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