GOULD'S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FOR THE
HEALTH PROFESSIONS
7TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)KARIN C. VANMETER;
ROBERT J. HUBERT
TEST BANK
1️⃣
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to Pathophysiology — Definitions & Scope
Pathophysiology-Focused Question Stem
A 58-year-old man presents with progressive fatigue and low-
grade fever. His chart lists an occupational exposure and a new
medication started 2 weeks ago. As a clinician teacher, you ask a
student to prioritize etiologic categories when constructing a
concept map linking cause → pathogenesis → manifestations.
Which etiologic category best fits an adverse reaction to a
prescribed drug causing his new symptoms?
,Options
A. Idiopathic
B. Iatrogenic
C. Congenital
D. Multifactorial
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
• Correct (B): Iatrogenic etiologies are illnesses or adverse
effects resulting from medical treatment or interventions
(for example, drug reactions). This links the external cause
(prescribed medication) to pathophysiologic changes and
clinical manifestations. Gould emphasizes recognizing
iatrogenic causes when medication or procedures coincide
temporally with symptom onset.
• Incorrect (A): Idiopathic denotes unknown cause; here
there is a clear temporal relationship with a new
medication.
• Incorrect (C): Congenital refers to conditions present at
birth — not applicable for an adult with new symptoms
after drug initiation.
• Incorrect (D): Multifactorial implies several interacting
causes (genetic + environmental); while possible, the most
parsimonious and clinically relevant category here is
iatrogenic given the timing.
,Teaching Point
Iatrogenic disease: suspect when clinical changes follow
medical treatment or procedures.
Citation (Simplified APA)
VanMeter, K. C., & Hubert, R. J. (2024). Gould’s Pathophysiology
for the Health Professions (7th ed.). Ch. 1.
2️⃣
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to Pathophysiology — Manifestations &
Signs
Pathophysiology-Focused Question Stem
A nursing student documents a swollen knee and a temperature
of 38.5°C. The instructor asks which finding represents a
systemic manifestation of disease. Which choice is systemic and
why?
Options
A. Swelling localized to the knee
B. Low-grade fever (38.5°C)
C. Pain when rotating the knee
D. Redness of the skin over the patella
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
, • Correct (B): Fever reflects systemic involvement mediated
by circulating pyrogens and hypothalamic set-point
changes — a whole-body response consistent with
systemic manifestations described in Gould.
• Incorrect (A): Local swelling is a local sign of inflammation
confined to the joint.
• Incorrect (C): Localized pain is a local manifestation of
tissue injury or inflammation.
• Incorrect (D): Local erythema indicates local vascular
response, not systemic involvement.
Teaching Point
Systemic signs (e.g., fever) reflect whole-body mediator
responses, not localized injury.
Citation (Simplified APA)
VanMeter, K. C., & Hubert, R. J. (2024). Gould’s Pathophysiology
for the Health Professions (7th ed.). Ch. 1.
3️⃣
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to Cellular Changes — Cellular Adaptation
(Atrophy)
Pathophysiology-Focused Question Stem
A bedridden patient develops muscle wasting in the lower limbs
over 6 weeks. The clinical instructor asks students to explain the
HEALTH PROFESSIONS
7TH EDITION
• AUTHOR(S)KARIN C. VANMETER;
ROBERT J. HUBERT
TEST BANK
1️⃣
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to Pathophysiology — Definitions & Scope
Pathophysiology-Focused Question Stem
A 58-year-old man presents with progressive fatigue and low-
grade fever. His chart lists an occupational exposure and a new
medication started 2 weeks ago. As a clinician teacher, you ask a
student to prioritize etiologic categories when constructing a
concept map linking cause → pathogenesis → manifestations.
Which etiologic category best fits an adverse reaction to a
prescribed drug causing his new symptoms?
,Options
A. Idiopathic
B. Iatrogenic
C. Congenital
D. Multifactorial
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
• Correct (B): Iatrogenic etiologies are illnesses or adverse
effects resulting from medical treatment or interventions
(for example, drug reactions). This links the external cause
(prescribed medication) to pathophysiologic changes and
clinical manifestations. Gould emphasizes recognizing
iatrogenic causes when medication or procedures coincide
temporally with symptom onset.
• Incorrect (A): Idiopathic denotes unknown cause; here
there is a clear temporal relationship with a new
medication.
• Incorrect (C): Congenital refers to conditions present at
birth — not applicable for an adult with new symptoms
after drug initiation.
• Incorrect (D): Multifactorial implies several interacting
causes (genetic + environmental); while possible, the most
parsimonious and clinically relevant category here is
iatrogenic given the timing.
,Teaching Point
Iatrogenic disease: suspect when clinical changes follow
medical treatment or procedures.
Citation (Simplified APA)
VanMeter, K. C., & Hubert, R. J. (2024). Gould’s Pathophysiology
for the Health Professions (7th ed.). Ch. 1.
2️⃣
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to Pathophysiology — Manifestations &
Signs
Pathophysiology-Focused Question Stem
A nursing student documents a swollen knee and a temperature
of 38.5°C. The instructor asks which finding represents a
systemic manifestation of disease. Which choice is systemic and
why?
Options
A. Swelling localized to the knee
B. Low-grade fever (38.5°C)
C. Pain when rotating the knee
D. Redness of the skin over the patella
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
, • Correct (B): Fever reflects systemic involvement mediated
by circulating pyrogens and hypothalamic set-point
changes — a whole-body response consistent with
systemic manifestations described in Gould.
• Incorrect (A): Local swelling is a local sign of inflammation
confined to the joint.
• Incorrect (C): Localized pain is a local manifestation of
tissue injury or inflammation.
• Incorrect (D): Local erythema indicates local vascular
response, not systemic involvement.
Teaching Point
Systemic signs (e.g., fever) reflect whole-body mediator
responses, not localized injury.
Citation (Simplified APA)
VanMeter, K. C., & Hubert, R. J. (2024). Gould’s Pathophysiology
for the Health Professions (7th ed.). Ch. 1.
3️⃣
Reference
Ch. 1 — Introduction to Cellular Changes — Cellular Adaptation
(Atrophy)
Pathophysiology-Focused Question Stem
A bedridden patient develops muscle wasting in the lower limbs
over 6 weeks. The clinical instructor asks students to explain the
