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BIOL331/ BIOL 331 Module 5 Pathophysiology | Updated
2026/2027 Study Questions with Verified Answers | Portage
Learning | Grade A Review
Both carbon dioxide and oxygen are able to bind with hemoglobin.
True
Nearly all pulmonary emboli are thrombi arising from deep vein thrombosis in the
upper and lower extremities.
True
The breathing rate is determined by input from ______ that monitor oxygen, carbon
dioxide, and pH levels in the blood.
chemoreceptors
A reduction in blood O2 levels is known as ______.
hypoxemia
During expiration, air moves out of the lungs as the chest muscles relax and the chest
cavity becomes smaller.
True
Asthma is considered non-reversible airway bronchoconstriction.
false
The diaphragm is the primary muscle of inspiration.
true
The FEV1/ FVC ratio is decreased in restrictive lung disorders.
false
_______ lowers the surface tension and makes lung inflation easier.
pulmonary surfactant
_____ is the flow of gases into and out of the alveoli of the lungs.
ventilation
, Asthma is characterized by each of the following except:
Loss of elastic lung fibers
Airway obstruction
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness
Airway inflammation
Loss of elastic lung fibers
Each of the following are TRUE of emphysema except:
Alveoli have decreased elastic recoil
Hyperinflation and air trapping
Airways are hyperreactive
Alveolar walls are destroyed
Airways are hyperreactive
Histologically, chronic bronchitis would exhibit each of the following except:
Enlargement of the airspaces
Increase in goblet cells
Fibrosis of the bronchiolar wall
Hypertrophy of the submucosal glands
Enlargement of the airspaces
Each of the following disorders are correctly paired with related characteristics except:
Atelectasis- bronchial obstruction
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)- hyaline membranes
Asthma- inflammation
Respiratory acidosis- hypocapnia
Respiratory acidosis- hypocapnia
A 30-year-old man is brought to the ER with a knife wound to the chest. On visual
inspection, asymmetry of chest movement during inspiration, displacement of the
trachea, and absence of breath sounds on the side of the wound are noted. His neck
veins are distended, and his pulse is rapid and thready.
What is your initial diagnosis?
What type of emergent treatment is necessary?
1) tension pneumothorax
2) chest tube
An 18-year-old woman is admitted to the ER with a suspected drug overdose. Her
respiratory rate is slow (4-6 breaths/minute) and shallow. Arterial blood gases reveal a
PCO2 of 80 mm Hg and a PO2 of 60 mm Hg.
What is the cause of this women's high PCO2 and low PO2?
Hypoventilation almost always causes an increase in PCO2. Explain.
Respiratory acidosis; with a decreased respiratory rate, you are not exhaling enough
carbon dioxide and it accumulates.
Explain why the oxygen flow rate for people with COPD is normally titrated to maintain
the arterial PO2 between 60 and 65 mm Hg.
Their medullary respiratory center has adapted to the elevated CO2 levels and no longer
BIOL331/ BIOL 331 Module 5 Pathophysiology | Updated
2026/2027 Study Questions with Verified Answers | Portage
Learning | Grade A Review
Both carbon dioxide and oxygen are able to bind with hemoglobin.
True
Nearly all pulmonary emboli are thrombi arising from deep vein thrombosis in the
upper and lower extremities.
True
The breathing rate is determined by input from ______ that monitor oxygen, carbon
dioxide, and pH levels in the blood.
chemoreceptors
A reduction in blood O2 levels is known as ______.
hypoxemia
During expiration, air moves out of the lungs as the chest muscles relax and the chest
cavity becomes smaller.
True
Asthma is considered non-reversible airway bronchoconstriction.
false
The diaphragm is the primary muscle of inspiration.
true
The FEV1/ FVC ratio is decreased in restrictive lung disorders.
false
_______ lowers the surface tension and makes lung inflation easier.
pulmonary surfactant
_____ is the flow of gases into and out of the alveoli of the lungs.
ventilation
, Asthma is characterized by each of the following except:
Loss of elastic lung fibers
Airway obstruction
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness
Airway inflammation
Loss of elastic lung fibers
Each of the following are TRUE of emphysema except:
Alveoli have decreased elastic recoil
Hyperinflation and air trapping
Airways are hyperreactive
Alveolar walls are destroyed
Airways are hyperreactive
Histologically, chronic bronchitis would exhibit each of the following except:
Enlargement of the airspaces
Increase in goblet cells
Fibrosis of the bronchiolar wall
Hypertrophy of the submucosal glands
Enlargement of the airspaces
Each of the following disorders are correctly paired with related characteristics except:
Atelectasis- bronchial obstruction
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)- hyaline membranes
Asthma- inflammation
Respiratory acidosis- hypocapnia
Respiratory acidosis- hypocapnia
A 30-year-old man is brought to the ER with a knife wound to the chest. On visual
inspection, asymmetry of chest movement during inspiration, displacement of the
trachea, and absence of breath sounds on the side of the wound are noted. His neck
veins are distended, and his pulse is rapid and thready.
What is your initial diagnosis?
What type of emergent treatment is necessary?
1) tension pneumothorax
2) chest tube
An 18-year-old woman is admitted to the ER with a suspected drug overdose. Her
respiratory rate is slow (4-6 breaths/minute) and shallow. Arterial blood gases reveal a
PCO2 of 80 mm Hg and a PO2 of 60 mm Hg.
What is the cause of this women's high PCO2 and low PO2?
Hypoventilation almost always causes an increase in PCO2. Explain.
Respiratory acidosis; with a decreased respiratory rate, you are not exhaling enough
carbon dioxide and it accumulates.
Explain why the oxygen flow rate for people with COPD is normally titrated to maintain
the arterial PO2 between 60 and 65 mm Hg.
Their medullary respiratory center has adapted to the elevated CO2 levels and no longer
