PCOL 838 Exam 1 Practice Questions &
Rationales updated 2026
WBC Labs - correct answer-4000-11000 uL
RBC - correct answer-transport O2 and CO2
HRO: EPO (kidney)
Lab:
Hemoglobin: 14-18 g/dL M
12-16 g/dL F
Erythrocyte s42-50% M
37-47% F
Count: 4.6-6 x10^6 uL M
4.2-5.4 x 10^6 uL F
Neutrophils - correct answer-Phagocytose and destroy invading bacteria
HRO: Cytokines
Lab: 2500-7500uL
,Eosinophils - correct answer-Destroy larger parasites and modulate allergic
inflammatory responses
HRO: Cytokines
Basophils - correct answer-Release histamines and immune reactions
HRO: Cytokines
Monocytes - correct answer-Become tissue macrophages, which phagocytose and
digest invading microorganisms and foreign bodies as well as damaged and
senescent cells
HRO: Cytokines
B Cells - correct answer-Make antibodies
HRO: Cytokines
T cells - correct answer-Kill virus-infected cells and regulate activities of other
leukocytes
HRO: Cytokines
NK cells - correct answer-Kill virus-infected cells and some tumor cells
Platelets - correct answer-Initiate blood clotting. Cell fragments, arising from
megakaryocytes in bone marry
HRO: TPO (liver, kidney, skeletal muscles, and marrow)
Labs: 150,000- 400,000 uL
, IL-12 and IL-18 - correct answer-Th 1
IFN activates macrophages to kill INTRAcellular bacteria
IL-4 - correct answer-Th2
IL-4 activates macrophages to expel parasitic worms
IL-6, IL-21 - correct answer-Tfh
Make IL-21, IL-4 and express CD40L and ICOS that help B cellls make high affinity
class switched antibody
IL-6 + TGFB - correct answer-Th17
IL-17 attracts neutrophils
IL-22 induces antimicrobial peptide production
TGFB/retinoic acid - correct answer-Tregs inhibit immune responses via cell
surface molecules of cytokines such as IL-10
IgM HCS - correct answer-complement activation
IgG HCS - correct answer-Fc receptor-dependent phagocyte response,
complement activation, neonatal immunity
IgE HCS - correct answer-Immunity against helminths, mast cell degranulation
(immediate hypersensitivity)
IgA HCS - correct answer-Muscosal immunity; IgA transport thru epithelia
Rationales updated 2026
WBC Labs - correct answer-4000-11000 uL
RBC - correct answer-transport O2 and CO2
HRO: EPO (kidney)
Lab:
Hemoglobin: 14-18 g/dL M
12-16 g/dL F
Erythrocyte s42-50% M
37-47% F
Count: 4.6-6 x10^6 uL M
4.2-5.4 x 10^6 uL F
Neutrophils - correct answer-Phagocytose and destroy invading bacteria
HRO: Cytokines
Lab: 2500-7500uL
,Eosinophils - correct answer-Destroy larger parasites and modulate allergic
inflammatory responses
HRO: Cytokines
Basophils - correct answer-Release histamines and immune reactions
HRO: Cytokines
Monocytes - correct answer-Become tissue macrophages, which phagocytose and
digest invading microorganisms and foreign bodies as well as damaged and
senescent cells
HRO: Cytokines
B Cells - correct answer-Make antibodies
HRO: Cytokines
T cells - correct answer-Kill virus-infected cells and regulate activities of other
leukocytes
HRO: Cytokines
NK cells - correct answer-Kill virus-infected cells and some tumor cells
Platelets - correct answer-Initiate blood clotting. Cell fragments, arising from
megakaryocytes in bone marry
HRO: TPO (liver, kidney, skeletal muscles, and marrow)
Labs: 150,000- 400,000 uL
, IL-12 and IL-18 - correct answer-Th 1
IFN activates macrophages to kill INTRAcellular bacteria
IL-4 - correct answer-Th2
IL-4 activates macrophages to expel parasitic worms
IL-6, IL-21 - correct answer-Tfh
Make IL-21, IL-4 and express CD40L and ICOS that help B cellls make high affinity
class switched antibody
IL-6 + TGFB - correct answer-Th17
IL-17 attracts neutrophils
IL-22 induces antimicrobial peptide production
TGFB/retinoic acid - correct answer-Tregs inhibit immune responses via cell
surface molecules of cytokines such as IL-10
IgM HCS - correct answer-complement activation
IgG HCS - correct answer-Fc receptor-dependent phagocyte response,
complement activation, neonatal immunity
IgE HCS - correct answer-Immunity against helminths, mast cell degranulation
(immediate hypersensitivity)
IgA HCS - correct answer-Muscosal immunity; IgA transport thru epithelia
