CJUS FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
What are the risks associated with prison guards? - Answer- Abuse of power, excessive
force, and corruption due to the power imbalance.
What was the holding in Miranda v. Arizona (1966)? - Answer- Police must inform
suspects of their rights during custodial interrogation.
What did Batson v. Kentucky (1986) establish? - Answer- Excluding jurors based on
race violates the Equal Protection Clause.
What is humiliation as a form of punishment? - Answer- Publicly shaming offenders
through methods like stocks or online postings.
What was the Eastern State Penitentiary known for? - Answer- Its 'separate' system
where inmates were kept in solitary confinement to encourage reflection.
What is the Auburn System? - Answer- A congregate system where prisoners worked
together in silence during the day and slept alone at night.
What is indeterminate sentencing? - Answer- Sentences expressed as a range, with
parole boards deciding release based on rehabilitation.
What are Truth-in-Sentencing laws? - Answer- Laws requiring offenders to serve a large
portion of their sentence before being eligible for release.
What was the conclusion of the Martinson Report? - Answer- It stated that 'nothing
works' in reducing recidivism, impacting support for rehabilitation.
What significant trend occurred in U.S. crime rates starting in the early 1990s? -
Answer- A significant drop in violent and property crimes.
What is a total institution according to Erving Goffman? - Answer- An institution that
controls almost every aspect of a person's life with strict rules and surveillance.
What was the impact of Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)? - Answer- States must provide an
attorney to indigent defendants charged with serious offenses.
CORRECT ANSWERS
What are the risks associated with prison guards? - Answer- Abuse of power, excessive
force, and corruption due to the power imbalance.
What was the holding in Miranda v. Arizona (1966)? - Answer- Police must inform
suspects of their rights during custodial interrogation.
What did Batson v. Kentucky (1986) establish? - Answer- Excluding jurors based on
race violates the Equal Protection Clause.
What is humiliation as a form of punishment? - Answer- Publicly shaming offenders
through methods like stocks or online postings.
What was the Eastern State Penitentiary known for? - Answer- Its 'separate' system
where inmates were kept in solitary confinement to encourage reflection.
What is the Auburn System? - Answer- A congregate system where prisoners worked
together in silence during the day and slept alone at night.
What is indeterminate sentencing? - Answer- Sentences expressed as a range, with
parole boards deciding release based on rehabilitation.
What are Truth-in-Sentencing laws? - Answer- Laws requiring offenders to serve a large
portion of their sentence before being eligible for release.
What was the conclusion of the Martinson Report? - Answer- It stated that 'nothing
works' in reducing recidivism, impacting support for rehabilitation.
What significant trend occurred in U.S. crime rates starting in the early 1990s? -
Answer- A significant drop in violent and property crimes.
What is a total institution according to Erving Goffman? - Answer- An institution that
controls almost every aspect of a person's life with strict rules and surveillance.
What was the impact of Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)? - Answer- States must provide an
attorney to indigent defendants charged with serious offenses.
