FOS3042 Exam 4 questions well
answered graded A+ passed
animal sources of specific bacteria’s - correct answer ✔✔1. salmonella - intestines of birds,
reptiles, and mammals. spread via food. in poultry and eggs
2. campylobacter - intestines of healthy birds, and most raw poultry meat
3. E. coli - reservoir in cattle, cow feces. in ground beef.
4. vitriol orifices - in oysters
food safety "danger zone" - correct answer ✔✔temperature that foods at highest risk - 40 - 140
degrees F -
deterioration & spoilage - correct answer ✔✔know definitions
enzymatic, microbial deterioration
spoilage - caused by bacteria, yeast, and mold
factors causing deterioration - correct answer ✔✔heat, cold, light, other radiation, oxygen,
moisture, dryness, enzymes, microorganisms, macroorganisms, industrial contaminants, time.
what is shelf-life? - correct answer ✔✔Time required for a food product to reach unacceptable
quality.
Depends on: food item, processing method, packaging, storage conditions. amount of time that
it takes for a product to become of unacceptable quality.
differences between bacteria, yeast, & mold - correct answer ✔✔1. Bacteria cause most
spoilage. can be shaped in different ways. some are pathogenic
, 2. Yeast may spoil fruit juices, etc. yeast forms CO2 and alcohol if it has fermentable sugars
without oxygen
3.Mold a problem on breads, others
what is a spore? - correct answer ✔✔Mold spores are very common
Air-borne and easily dispersed
Some bacteria form spores
Very heat resistant
. - correct answer ✔✔a spore/spore-forming bacteria - can form a coat, protective layer, around
itself under environmental stresses. if it doesn't have enough food, etc. will go dormant and
create a coat until conditions are favorable and they can become vegetative again
What is the source of a spore? - correct answer ✔✔they are all over the place.
dirt, airborne. inactive as a spore, can become vegetative. can form toxins.
environmental conditions & microbial growth: Aerobic vs anerobic - correct answer ✔✔1.
Aerobic-require at least some oxygen. some bacteria, all molds. wine in the presence of oxygen
will form wine vinegar
. - correct answer ✔✔2. Anaerobic - low or no oxygen. some bacteria, yeast. yeast will make
CO2 and alcohol - in fruit juices, makes wine.
Facultative (both with and without oxygen)
Obligative (either with or without oxygen)
environmental conditions & microbial growth: Thermophilic, mesophilic, psycrophilic - correct
answer ✔✔Temperature range of organisms
Psychrophilic = down to freezing (<16°C) - prefer the cold
answered graded A+ passed
animal sources of specific bacteria’s - correct answer ✔✔1. salmonella - intestines of birds,
reptiles, and mammals. spread via food. in poultry and eggs
2. campylobacter - intestines of healthy birds, and most raw poultry meat
3. E. coli - reservoir in cattle, cow feces. in ground beef.
4. vitriol orifices - in oysters
food safety "danger zone" - correct answer ✔✔temperature that foods at highest risk - 40 - 140
degrees F -
deterioration & spoilage - correct answer ✔✔know definitions
enzymatic, microbial deterioration
spoilage - caused by bacteria, yeast, and mold
factors causing deterioration - correct answer ✔✔heat, cold, light, other radiation, oxygen,
moisture, dryness, enzymes, microorganisms, macroorganisms, industrial contaminants, time.
what is shelf-life? - correct answer ✔✔Time required for a food product to reach unacceptable
quality.
Depends on: food item, processing method, packaging, storage conditions. amount of time that
it takes for a product to become of unacceptable quality.
differences between bacteria, yeast, & mold - correct answer ✔✔1. Bacteria cause most
spoilage. can be shaped in different ways. some are pathogenic
, 2. Yeast may spoil fruit juices, etc. yeast forms CO2 and alcohol if it has fermentable sugars
without oxygen
3.Mold a problem on breads, others
what is a spore? - correct answer ✔✔Mold spores are very common
Air-borne and easily dispersed
Some bacteria form spores
Very heat resistant
. - correct answer ✔✔a spore/spore-forming bacteria - can form a coat, protective layer, around
itself under environmental stresses. if it doesn't have enough food, etc. will go dormant and
create a coat until conditions are favorable and they can become vegetative again
What is the source of a spore? - correct answer ✔✔they are all over the place.
dirt, airborne. inactive as a spore, can become vegetative. can form toxins.
environmental conditions & microbial growth: Aerobic vs anerobic - correct answer ✔✔1.
Aerobic-require at least some oxygen. some bacteria, all molds. wine in the presence of oxygen
will form wine vinegar
. - correct answer ✔✔2. Anaerobic - low or no oxygen. some bacteria, yeast. yeast will make
CO2 and alcohol - in fruit juices, makes wine.
Facultative (both with and without oxygen)
Obligative (either with or without oxygen)
environmental conditions & microbial growth: Thermophilic, mesophilic, psycrophilic - correct
answer ✔✔Temperature range of organisms
Psychrophilic = down to freezing (<16°C) - prefer the cold
