100% Correct Answers 2026 Updated.
phonology - Answer speech sound system of a language, how the sounds can be produced,
sequenced, and combined to make words
morphology - Answer smallest unit of meaning in a language, how the units combine to
change meaning, prefixes, suffixes, base elements
morpheme - Answer smallest unit of meaning
phoneme - Answer smallest unit of sound
semantics - Answer meanings of words, phrases, and sentences, and their relationship in a
language, expressions and figurative language
syntax - Answer rules for organizing words, phrases, and clauses to form sentences in a
language, parts of speech, sentence types
pragmatics - Answer rules for how language is used appropriately in different social contexts,
linguistic and nonlinguistic, discourse
orthography - Answer written or spelling system of a language
What provides the foundation for working with written language (reading and writing)? -
Answer Oral language
Oral language is - Answer inherent.
Literacy, the ability to read and write, is - Answer not inherent and must be learned.
expressive language - Answer our ability to put thoughts and feelings into words and
sentences
receptive language - Answer our ability to understand information in spoken or written form
, Orthography deals with - Answer word recognition (alphabetic principal, decoding, spelling
patterns, syllable patterns).
Phonology deals with - Answer word recognition (phonological awareness, decoding, and
spelling).
Morphology deals with - Answer reading comprehension (vocabulary, word recognition,
phonological awareness, decoding, and spelling).
Semantics deals with - Answer reading comprehension (vocabulary and figurative language).
Syntax deals with - Answer reading comprehension and written expression (sentence
comprehension and sentence composition).
Pragmatics deals with - Answer reading comprehension and written expression (audience
participation, use of dialogue, cohesive texts, etc.).
Simple view of reading - Answer word recognition X language comprehension = reading
comprehension
Language comprehension (deriving meaning from oral/written language) includes - Answer
background knowledge, vocabulary, language structures (syntax/semantics), verbal reasoning
(making inferences, predicting, figurative language), and literacy knowledge (text
structure/genres).
Word recognition (decoding) includes - Answer phonological awareness, decoding, and sight
recognition.
Inferior frontal gyrus controls - Answer speech-sound awareness, phonological processor,
and expressive language.
Parieto temporal lobe controls - Answer receptive language, context and meaning processor,
word analysis.
Occipito temporal lobe controls - Answer letter recognition, orthographic processor, words
recognized by sight. Known as the brain's letterbox.
dyslexia - Answer A specific learning disability that is neurological in origin. It is a deficit in
the phonological component of language and is characterized by poor spelling and decoding
abilities.