Straighterline Anatomy and
Physiology 1 Final Exam
Questions and Correct Answers
with Verified Solutions | New
Update 2026
What is the smallest level of organization in the body that contains the body's genetic
information?
a. chemical
b. cellular
c. tissue
d. organism - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-cellular The cellular level includes the nucleus, an organelle
that contains the body's genetic information.
Which is an example of a normally occurring positive-feedback mechanism?
Select one:
a. elevated blood pressure during exercise
b. increase in heart rate after blood loss
c. decrease in blood pressure after blood loss
d. stretching of the uterus near the end of pregnancy - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-d. stretching of the
uterus near the end of pregnancy
Which of the following processes generates the most ATP within a human cell?
,Select one:
a. glycolysis
b. lactic acid fermentation
c. oxidative phosphorylation
d. citric acid cycle - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-c. oxidative phosphorylation
During DNA replication, how does each template strand eventually become two identical
DNA molecules?
Select one:
a. The two strands form continuously, catalyzed by DNA polymerase.
b. The two strands form continuously, catalyzed by DNA ligase.
c. One strand forms continuously, the other forms in short segments spliced by DNA
polymerase.
d. One strand forms continuously, the other forms in short segments spliced by DNA ligase. -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔-d. One strand forms continuously, the other forms in short segments
spliced by DNA ligase. There is a leading strand and a lagging strand; they don't both form
continuously.
Which is the most superficial layer of skin that is composed primarily of living cells?
Select one:
a. stratum corneum
b. stratum lucidum
c. stratum basale spinosum.
d. stratum spinosum - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-.
d. stratum spinosum (stratum basale layer is below the stratum spinosum)
Which of the following is the definition of a third degree burn?
Select one:
,a. a burn that covers at least 25% of the skin
b. a burn that has destroyed the dermis and epidermis
c. a burn that can only be caused by fire
d. a burn that does not leave scars - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-a burn that has destroyed the dermis
and epidermis. How much skin the burn covers does not definite which degree of burn it is.
Which of the following types of openings in the skeletal system does a "sinus" describe?
Select one:
a. cavity
b. cleft
c. hole
d. tunnel - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-a. cavity: a sinus is an air space within bone.
Which of the following components of the bone matrix, when removed, allows the bone to
be easily shattered?
Select one:
a. cartilage
b. collagen
c. hydroxyapatite
d. mineral - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-b. Collagen is a component of the bone matrix that gives it
flexible strength so it is less brittle.
What type of axons is found in a gray ramus comunicans?
Select one:
a. myelinated, pre-ganglionic axons
b. myelinated, post-ganglionic axons
, c. unmyelinated, pre-ganglionic axons
d. unmyelinated, post-ganglionic axons - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-d. unmyelinated, post-ganglionic
axons
Which class of chemical messengers is secreted by neurons into synaptic clefts to activate
an adjacent cell?
Select one:
a. autocrine
b. endocrine
c. neurotransmitter
d. paracrine - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-c. neurotransmitter Neurotransmitters are secreted into a
synaptic cleft by presynaptic nerve terminals.
The targeted response of the hormone lipotropin is an increase in which of the following?
Select one:
a. the breakdown of fat in adipose tissues
b. the breakdown of lipids and release of fatty acids from cells This is caused by release of
growth hormone.
c. the production of milk in lactating women
d. the secretion of thyroid hormone - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-a. the breakdown of fat in adipose
tissues
What causes the breakdown of lipids and release of fatty acids from cells? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔-The release of growth hormones.
There are more microbial cells than human cells in your body and the health of this
microbiota clearly influences human well-being. How many microbes are there?.
Select one:
Physiology 1 Final Exam
Questions and Correct Answers
with Verified Solutions | New
Update 2026
What is the smallest level of organization in the body that contains the body's genetic
information?
a. chemical
b. cellular
c. tissue
d. organism - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-cellular The cellular level includes the nucleus, an organelle
that contains the body's genetic information.
Which is an example of a normally occurring positive-feedback mechanism?
Select one:
a. elevated blood pressure during exercise
b. increase in heart rate after blood loss
c. decrease in blood pressure after blood loss
d. stretching of the uterus near the end of pregnancy - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-d. stretching of the
uterus near the end of pregnancy
Which of the following processes generates the most ATP within a human cell?
,Select one:
a. glycolysis
b. lactic acid fermentation
c. oxidative phosphorylation
d. citric acid cycle - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-c. oxidative phosphorylation
During DNA replication, how does each template strand eventually become two identical
DNA molecules?
Select one:
a. The two strands form continuously, catalyzed by DNA polymerase.
b. The two strands form continuously, catalyzed by DNA ligase.
c. One strand forms continuously, the other forms in short segments spliced by DNA
polymerase.
d. One strand forms continuously, the other forms in short segments spliced by DNA ligase. -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔-d. One strand forms continuously, the other forms in short segments
spliced by DNA ligase. There is a leading strand and a lagging strand; they don't both form
continuously.
Which is the most superficial layer of skin that is composed primarily of living cells?
Select one:
a. stratum corneum
b. stratum lucidum
c. stratum basale spinosum.
d. stratum spinosum - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-.
d. stratum spinosum (stratum basale layer is below the stratum spinosum)
Which of the following is the definition of a third degree burn?
Select one:
,a. a burn that covers at least 25% of the skin
b. a burn that has destroyed the dermis and epidermis
c. a burn that can only be caused by fire
d. a burn that does not leave scars - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-a burn that has destroyed the dermis
and epidermis. How much skin the burn covers does not definite which degree of burn it is.
Which of the following types of openings in the skeletal system does a "sinus" describe?
Select one:
a. cavity
b. cleft
c. hole
d. tunnel - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-a. cavity: a sinus is an air space within bone.
Which of the following components of the bone matrix, when removed, allows the bone to
be easily shattered?
Select one:
a. cartilage
b. collagen
c. hydroxyapatite
d. mineral - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-b. Collagen is a component of the bone matrix that gives it
flexible strength so it is less brittle.
What type of axons is found in a gray ramus comunicans?
Select one:
a. myelinated, pre-ganglionic axons
b. myelinated, post-ganglionic axons
, c. unmyelinated, pre-ganglionic axons
d. unmyelinated, post-ganglionic axons - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-d. unmyelinated, post-ganglionic
axons
Which class of chemical messengers is secreted by neurons into synaptic clefts to activate
an adjacent cell?
Select one:
a. autocrine
b. endocrine
c. neurotransmitter
d. paracrine - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-c. neurotransmitter Neurotransmitters are secreted into a
synaptic cleft by presynaptic nerve terminals.
The targeted response of the hormone lipotropin is an increase in which of the following?
Select one:
a. the breakdown of fat in adipose tissues
b. the breakdown of lipids and release of fatty acids from cells This is caused by release of
growth hormone.
c. the production of milk in lactating women
d. the secretion of thyroid hormone - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-a. the breakdown of fat in adipose
tissues
What causes the breakdown of lipids and release of fatty acids from cells? -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔-The release of growth hormones.
There are more microbial cells than human cells in your body and the health of this
microbiota clearly influences human well-being. How many microbes are there?.
Select one:
