NURS 300 EXAM 3 REVIEW QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - ANS Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disorder
in which the body's immune system destroys pancreatic β-cells in the Islets of Langerhans,
leading to absolute insulin deficiency.
Etiology of Type 1 Diabetes - ANS Immune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing β-cells.
Autoantibodies to islet cells are present months to years before symptoms appear.
Loss of β-cell function - ANS 80-90% of β-cell function must be lost before hyperglycemia
occurs.
Possible causes of Type 1 Diabetes - ANS Genetic predisposition (linked to HLA genes), viral
infections, idiopathic (non-autoimmune) cases—strong genetic influence.
Onset of Type 1 Diabetes - ANS Usually affects individuals under 30 years old; peak onset
ages 11-13. Sudden onset — symptoms appear rapidly once the pancreas fails to produce
insulin.
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) - ANS Patients often present to the ER with diabetic ketoacidosis
(DKA) at diagnosis.
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, Classic symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes - ANS Polyuria - excessive urination, Polydipsia -
excessive thirst, Polyphagia - excessive hunger.
Other signs of Type 1 Diabetes - ANS Weight loss (body breaks down fat & muscle for
energy), Weakness and fatigue (cells lack glucose energy), Blurred vision, recurrent infections,
delayed wound healing.
Management of Type 1 Diabetes - ANS Requires lifelong exogenous insulin therapy to sustain
life. Focus on blood glucose monitoring, balanced diet & carbohydrate management, exercise,
education on recognizing hypo- and hyperglycemia symptoms.
Complications of untreated Type 1 Diabetes - ANS Acute: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA);
Chronic: Retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, vascular disease.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - ANS Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder
characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.
Insulin production in Type 2 Diabetes - ANS Unlike Type 1, the pancreas still produces insulin
— but it is insufficient or poorly utilized by body tissues.
Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes - ANS Most prevalent type of diabetes (over 90% of all cases).
Onset of Type 2 Diabetes - ANS Gradual onset — may go undetected for years.
Hyperglycemia develops slowly, often discovered incidentally during routine lab work.
Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes - ANS May be asymptomatic early on. Nonspecific symptoms:
Fatigue, Recurrent infections, Recurrent vaginal yeast infections, Prolonged wound healing,
Visual changes.
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus - ANS Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disorder
in which the body's immune system destroys pancreatic β-cells in the Islets of Langerhans,
leading to absolute insulin deficiency.
Etiology of Type 1 Diabetes - ANS Immune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing β-cells.
Autoantibodies to islet cells are present months to years before symptoms appear.
Loss of β-cell function - ANS 80-90% of β-cell function must be lost before hyperglycemia
occurs.
Possible causes of Type 1 Diabetes - ANS Genetic predisposition (linked to HLA genes), viral
infections, idiopathic (non-autoimmune) cases—strong genetic influence.
Onset of Type 1 Diabetes - ANS Usually affects individuals under 30 years old; peak onset
ages 11-13. Sudden onset — symptoms appear rapidly once the pancreas fails to produce
insulin.
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) - ANS Patients often present to the ER with diabetic ketoacidosis
(DKA) at diagnosis.
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Classic symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes - ANS Polyuria - excessive urination, Polydipsia -
excessive thirst, Polyphagia - excessive hunger.
Other signs of Type 1 Diabetes - ANS Weight loss (body breaks down fat & muscle for
energy), Weakness and fatigue (cells lack glucose energy), Blurred vision, recurrent infections,
delayed wound healing.
Management of Type 1 Diabetes - ANS Requires lifelong exogenous insulin therapy to sustain
life. Focus on blood glucose monitoring, balanced diet & carbohydrate management, exercise,
education on recognizing hypo- and hyperglycemia symptoms.
Complications of untreated Type 1 Diabetes - ANS Acute: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA);
Chronic: Retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, vascular disease.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - ANS Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder
characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.
Insulin production in Type 2 Diabetes - ANS Unlike Type 1, the pancreas still produces insulin
— but it is insufficient or poorly utilized by body tissues.
Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes - ANS Most prevalent type of diabetes (over 90% of all cases).
Onset of Type 2 Diabetes - ANS Gradual onset — may go undetected for years.
Hyperglycemia develops slowly, often discovered incidentally during routine lab work.
Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes - ANS May be asymptomatic early on. Nonspecific symptoms:
Fatigue, Recurrent infections, Recurrent vaginal yeast infections, Prolonged wound healing,
Visual changes.
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
