GEOGRAPHY 1190 MIDTERM 1 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
Geography - ANS Study of how/where/why things are organized in *SPACE* and *TIME*.
Earth Spheres - ANS (4) ALHB
Atmosphere (Gas) > Lithosphere (Land, rocks, landform) > Hydrosphere (water) > Biosphere
(Living things soil ecosystem, life)
Map Scale - ANS Basis for determining size/ Distance on Earth's Surface
Written Scale - ANS 1 cm Equals 3km
Representative Fraction - ANS 1:125,000
1/125,000
Graphic Scale - ANS
Location On Earth:
Latitude Vs. Longitude - ANS Latitude: Angular Distance
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,Parallel (N/S of equator)
Longitude: Angular Distance
Meridan
(E/S) of Prime Meridian
Geoidal Bulge - ANS
Map Projection - ANS Transforming Spherical Earth to Flat Map
Conic Projection - ANS Wrap Cone
Planar Projection - ANS Generated by projecting a light source at the center of a globe onto a
plane that is tangent to (touching) the globe's surface
Cylindrical Projection - ANS The Central cylindrical projection is a perspective cylindrical map
projection. It corresponds to projecting the Earth's surface onto a cylinder tangent to the
equator as if from a light source at Earth's center.
Great Circle - ANS The largest possible circle that can be drawn around a sphere
(which are the shortest distance between 2 points of Earth's surface, are projected as straight
lines.)
Small Circle - ANS Are those whose centers do not coincide with Earth's center
Earth Systems Concept - ANS (4)
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, 1) Components
2) Boundaries
3) No Randomness
4) Operates within acceptable limits
Open System - ANS Input > Actions > Outputs
Input: Energy Matter (sunlight, CO2, O2, Water to roots)
Actions: Energy + Material Conversions/storage (Carbohydrates used for plant growth are
produced by photosynthesis)
Outputs: Energy/matter (O2, CO2, Heat, dead organic matter)
System Feedback (2) - ANS 1) Positive feedback > gets bigger/magnified
2) Negative Feedback: further production of such feedback opposes system changes and leads
to stability.
Closed System
Example? - ANS No input/ no output
A system that is shut off from the surrounding environment so that it is self-contained is a
closed system.
E.g Earth is closed system (Physical matter/ Resources - air,water, and material resources.)
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
Geography - ANS Study of how/where/why things are organized in *SPACE* and *TIME*.
Earth Spheres - ANS (4) ALHB
Atmosphere (Gas) > Lithosphere (Land, rocks, landform) > Hydrosphere (water) > Biosphere
(Living things soil ecosystem, life)
Map Scale - ANS Basis for determining size/ Distance on Earth's Surface
Written Scale - ANS 1 cm Equals 3km
Representative Fraction - ANS 1:125,000
1/125,000
Graphic Scale - ANS
Location On Earth:
Latitude Vs. Longitude - ANS Latitude: Angular Distance
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,Parallel (N/S of equator)
Longitude: Angular Distance
Meridan
(E/S) of Prime Meridian
Geoidal Bulge - ANS
Map Projection - ANS Transforming Spherical Earth to Flat Map
Conic Projection - ANS Wrap Cone
Planar Projection - ANS Generated by projecting a light source at the center of a globe onto a
plane that is tangent to (touching) the globe's surface
Cylindrical Projection - ANS The Central cylindrical projection is a perspective cylindrical map
projection. It corresponds to projecting the Earth's surface onto a cylinder tangent to the
equator as if from a light source at Earth's center.
Great Circle - ANS The largest possible circle that can be drawn around a sphere
(which are the shortest distance between 2 points of Earth's surface, are projected as straight
lines.)
Small Circle - ANS Are those whose centers do not coincide with Earth's center
Earth Systems Concept - ANS (4)
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, 1) Components
2) Boundaries
3) No Randomness
4) Operates within acceptable limits
Open System - ANS Input > Actions > Outputs
Input: Energy Matter (sunlight, CO2, O2, Water to roots)
Actions: Energy + Material Conversions/storage (Carbohydrates used for plant growth are
produced by photosynthesis)
Outputs: Energy/matter (O2, CO2, Heat, dead organic matter)
System Feedback (2) - ANS 1) Positive feedback > gets bigger/magnified
2) Negative Feedback: further production of such feedback opposes system changes and leads
to stability.
Closed System
Example? - ANS No input/ no output
A system that is shut off from the surrounding environment so that it is self-contained is a
closed system.
E.g Earth is closed system (Physical matter/ Resources - air,water, and material resources.)
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
