NURS 370 Exam 3 – Questions With Accurate
Answers
Save
Terms in this set (98)
Diabetes Type 1 -Characterized by destruction of the pancreatic beta
cells
-Results in decreased insulin production, unchecked
glucose production by the liver, and fasting
hyperglycemia
-Must have insulin
Diabetes Type 2 -Main problems are insulin resistance and impaired
insulin secretion
-May be managed with diet and exercise but might
use insulin
DKA Diabetic Ketoacidosis
-Causes are insufficient or missed doses of insulin,
stress, illness, or infection
-More common in type 1 DM
-Hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, dehydration,
electrolyte loss, and metabolic acidosis
DKA (diagnosis) -Blood glucose levels greater than 250 mg/dL
-Low serum pH (6.8 to 7.3)
-Low serum bicarbonate (0 to 15 mEq/L)
-Accumulation of serum & urine ketones
-Presence of glucose in the urine
-Abnormal levels of serum electrolytes (sodium,
potassium, & chloride)
DKA (treatment) -Rehydration
-Restoring electrolytes
-Reversing acidosis
,HHS Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome
-Serious life threatening condition characterized by
hyperosmolality (at least 340 mOsm/L) &
hyperglycemia (at least 600 mg/dL)
-More common in type 2 DM
-Causes: infection, acute or chronic illness, meds that
exacerbate hyperglycemia, or therapeutic
procedures
-Hypotension, profound dehydration, tachycardia, &
variable neurologic signs
3Ps -Polyuria
-Polydipsia
-Polyphagia
HHS (treatment) -Fluid replacement
-Correction of electrolyte imbalances
-Insulin administration
HHS (diagnosis) -Hyperosmolality (≥340 mOsm/L)
-Hyperglycemia (≥600 mg/dL)
-Alterations in LOC
Insulin (storage) -Unopened: refrigerated
-Opened: room temp for 1 month
-Do not store in direct sunlight or in high temp areas
Rapid Acting Insulin (Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine)
-Onset: 15 minutes
-Peak: 1 hour
-Duration: 3-5
Short Acting Insulin (Regular)
-Onset: 30-60 minutes
-Peak: 2-3 hours
-Duration: 4-6 hours
, Intermediate Acting Insulin (NPH)
-Onset: 2-4 hours
-Peak: 6-8 hours
-Duration: 12-16 hours
Long Acting Insulin (Glargine, Detemir, Degludec)
-Onset: 2 hours
-Peak: none
-Duration: 24 hours
Hypoglycemia (conscious treatment) (15 g of carbs)
-½ cup of juice
-2 or 3 glucose tablets
-A tube of glucose gel
-Followed by something like a half sandwich or
cheese and crackers (complex carb with protein) so
they don't spike high and crash back down
Hypoglycemia (unconscious -IV dextrose 50%
treatment) -Glucagon
Hypoglycemia (prevention) -Always carry a form of fast-acting sugar
-Increase food prior to exercise
-A meal or snack every 4 to 5 hour
-Check blood sugar regularly
Hypoglycemia (s/s) (cold & clammy)
-Inability to concentrate
-Headache
-Lightheadedness
-Confusion
-Memory lapses
-Numbness of the lips & tongue
-Slurred speech
-Impaired coordination
-Emotional changes
-Irrational or combative behavior
-Double vision
-Drowsiness
Answers
Save
Terms in this set (98)
Diabetes Type 1 -Characterized by destruction of the pancreatic beta
cells
-Results in decreased insulin production, unchecked
glucose production by the liver, and fasting
hyperglycemia
-Must have insulin
Diabetes Type 2 -Main problems are insulin resistance and impaired
insulin secretion
-May be managed with diet and exercise but might
use insulin
DKA Diabetic Ketoacidosis
-Causes are insufficient or missed doses of insulin,
stress, illness, or infection
-More common in type 1 DM
-Hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, dehydration,
electrolyte loss, and metabolic acidosis
DKA (diagnosis) -Blood glucose levels greater than 250 mg/dL
-Low serum pH (6.8 to 7.3)
-Low serum bicarbonate (0 to 15 mEq/L)
-Accumulation of serum & urine ketones
-Presence of glucose in the urine
-Abnormal levels of serum electrolytes (sodium,
potassium, & chloride)
DKA (treatment) -Rehydration
-Restoring electrolytes
-Reversing acidosis
,HHS Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome
-Serious life threatening condition characterized by
hyperosmolality (at least 340 mOsm/L) &
hyperglycemia (at least 600 mg/dL)
-More common in type 2 DM
-Causes: infection, acute or chronic illness, meds that
exacerbate hyperglycemia, or therapeutic
procedures
-Hypotension, profound dehydration, tachycardia, &
variable neurologic signs
3Ps -Polyuria
-Polydipsia
-Polyphagia
HHS (treatment) -Fluid replacement
-Correction of electrolyte imbalances
-Insulin administration
HHS (diagnosis) -Hyperosmolality (≥340 mOsm/L)
-Hyperglycemia (≥600 mg/dL)
-Alterations in LOC
Insulin (storage) -Unopened: refrigerated
-Opened: room temp for 1 month
-Do not store in direct sunlight or in high temp areas
Rapid Acting Insulin (Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine)
-Onset: 15 minutes
-Peak: 1 hour
-Duration: 3-5
Short Acting Insulin (Regular)
-Onset: 30-60 minutes
-Peak: 2-3 hours
-Duration: 4-6 hours
, Intermediate Acting Insulin (NPH)
-Onset: 2-4 hours
-Peak: 6-8 hours
-Duration: 12-16 hours
Long Acting Insulin (Glargine, Detemir, Degludec)
-Onset: 2 hours
-Peak: none
-Duration: 24 hours
Hypoglycemia (conscious treatment) (15 g of carbs)
-½ cup of juice
-2 or 3 glucose tablets
-A tube of glucose gel
-Followed by something like a half sandwich or
cheese and crackers (complex carb with protein) so
they don't spike high and crash back down
Hypoglycemia (unconscious -IV dextrose 50%
treatment) -Glucagon
Hypoglycemia (prevention) -Always carry a form of fast-acting sugar
-Increase food prior to exercise
-A meal or snack every 4 to 5 hour
-Check blood sugar regularly
Hypoglycemia (s/s) (cold & clammy)
-Inability to concentrate
-Headache
-Lightheadedness
-Confusion
-Memory lapses
-Numbness of the lips & tongue
-Slurred speech
-Impaired coordination
-Emotional changes
-Irrational or combative behavior
-Double vision
-Drowsiness
