WJEC CRIMINOLOGY UNIT 4 2026 EXAM
SCRIPT FULL QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
◉ Judicial Precedent Answer: Law made by judges. When deciding
cases, judges must follow judgements in previous similar cases.
Lower courts must follow higher courts.
Example: Donoghue v Stevenson (1932): Mrs Donoghue suffered
nervous shock upon discovering a decomposed snail in her bottle of
lemonade. The court decided that the manufacturer of the lemonade
owed a "duty of care" to Mrs Donoghue.
◉ Statutory Interpretation Answer: Judges create law when they
interpret the wording of statutes.
Example: Whitely v Chappell (1868): The defendant was charged
with the offence of "impersonating any person entitled to vote". The
defendant had pretended to be a person not on the electoral register
because the person had died. The court held that the defendant was
not guilty because dead people are not entitled to vote.
◉ What is the relationship between the following agencies of the
criminal justice system?
, - Police
- The courts
- Crown Prosecution Service
- National Probation Service
- Government departments. Answer: - Police: They work with the
CPS to bring prosecutions. Police officers often give evidence in
court. They provide protection for vulnerable witnesses.
- HM Courts and Tribunals Service: Judges create law through
judicial precedent and statutory interpretation. The prison service
holds prisoners attending court and arranges their transfer to and
from prison.
- Crown Prosecution Service: They advise the police on charging
suspects. They prepare the prosecution case.
- National Probation Service: They liaise with the police if a prisoner
needs to be recalled to prison. They oversee prisons who have been
released on licence. They supervise community sentences.
- Government departments. Ministry of Justice oversees the courts.
The Home Office oversees the police.
SCRIPT FULL QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
◉ Judicial Precedent Answer: Law made by judges. When deciding
cases, judges must follow judgements in previous similar cases.
Lower courts must follow higher courts.
Example: Donoghue v Stevenson (1932): Mrs Donoghue suffered
nervous shock upon discovering a decomposed snail in her bottle of
lemonade. The court decided that the manufacturer of the lemonade
owed a "duty of care" to Mrs Donoghue.
◉ Statutory Interpretation Answer: Judges create law when they
interpret the wording of statutes.
Example: Whitely v Chappell (1868): The defendant was charged
with the offence of "impersonating any person entitled to vote". The
defendant had pretended to be a person not on the electoral register
because the person had died. The court held that the defendant was
not guilty because dead people are not entitled to vote.
◉ What is the relationship between the following agencies of the
criminal justice system?
, - Police
- The courts
- Crown Prosecution Service
- National Probation Service
- Government departments. Answer: - Police: They work with the
CPS to bring prosecutions. Police officers often give evidence in
court. They provide protection for vulnerable witnesses.
- HM Courts and Tribunals Service: Judges create law through
judicial precedent and statutory interpretation. The prison service
holds prisoners attending court and arranges their transfer to and
from prison.
- Crown Prosecution Service: They advise the police on charging
suspects. They prepare the prosecution case.
- National Probation Service: They liaise with the police if a prisoner
needs to be recalled to prison. They oversee prisons who have been
released on licence. They supervise community sentences.
- Government departments. Ministry of Justice oversees the courts.
The Home Office oversees the police.
