ABFM ITE FINAL EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔In a healthy full-term infant who is exclusively breastfed, iron supplementation
should begin at what age in order to prevent iron deficiency anaemia? - ✔✔4 months
- In preterm babies (before 37w), elemental iron supplementation (2mg/kg per day)
should begin at 1 month of age and should continue until 12 months of age, unless the
infant had multiple blood transfusions.
✔✔In primary nephrotic syndrome, other than proteinuria and low albumin, what else is
commonly observed? - ✔✔Coagulopathy
✔✔Chronic medication that can cause B12 deficiency - ✔✔Metformin
✔✔Strongest risk factor for primary hypertension in children and adolescents -
✔✔Elevated BMI
✔✔While Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species are the most common
causes of skin and soft-tissue infection, which organism should also be considered? -
✔✔Pseudomonas
✔✔Treatment of erythrasma (Wood's lamp coral pink/red fluorescence, fine-scaled with
a cigarette-paper appearance) caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum infection -
✔✔Erythromycin
✔✔Which radiologic funding of a lung nodule is most predictive of malignancy? - ✔✔
✔✔Which investigation is routine in all newborns with Down syndrome? -
✔✔Echocardiography
✔✔Treatment duration for provoked vs unprovoked PE - ✔✔3 months and indefinitely
respectively
✔✔In patients with symptoms indicative of pneumonia or heart failure, what
investigations can be done to determine treatment of either condition or both? - ✔✔BNP
and procalcitonin levels
✔✔How to increase HDL (good cholesterol)? - ✔✔Add niacin
✔✔Dietary recommendation in diverticulosis - ✔✔High fibre or take fibre supplements
✔✔Side effects of prolonged PPI use - ✔✔C diff infection, hypoMg, hip fracture
,✔✔Which antiemetic blocks dopamine stimulation in the chemoreceptor trigger zone? -
✔✔Metoclopramide
✔✔Little League shoulder is a repetitive use injury causing disruption at the proximal
growth plate of the humerus - ✔✔Proximal humeral epiphysitis.
Can be seen on plain radiographs as widening, demineralization, or sclerosis at the
growth plate.
✔✔Taking beta carotene and Vit E to prevent cancer and heart disease - ✔✔
✔✔Fluoride supplementation should be started at what age when primary water supply
is deficient in fluoride - ✔✔6 months
✔✔Medications that can reduce serum Vitamin D levels - ✔✔Rifampicin, Phenytoin
✔✔Isolated posterior cruciate ligament tear - ✔✔Direct blow to the anterior tibia whilst
knee is in flexion
✔✔What should patients be periodically monitored for whilst on Amiodarone? - ✔✔TSH
✔✔Drug of choice in depressed persons with cardiovascular disease - ✔✔SSRIs
✔✔Antibiotics causing prolonged QT - ✔✔Macrolides
✔✔Benign nocturnal limb pains of childhood (previously known as "growing pains") -
✔✔Usually occur in the evening or night time, may sometimes wake patient from sleep,
short-lived (about 30min), not associated with redness/swelling/tenderness/limping.
No further work-up necessary.
✔✔Treatment of OSA in children - ✔✔Adenotonsillectomy
✔✔What is most likely seen with diastolic dysfunction? - ✔✔A preserved ejection
fraction
✔✔Positive hip FADIR and FABER testing - ✔✔Hip labral tear
✔✔Childhood vaccination carrying risk of febrile seizure in up to 2 weeks post-
administration - ✔✔MMR
✔✔Elbow Moving Valgus Stress Test - ✔✔Ulnar collateral ligament injury
,✔✔In United Stated, at what age is it recommended for cow's milk be introduced? -
✔✔12 months
✔✔Treatment for lateral dislocation of the patella - ✔✔Medically directed pressure on
the patella while extending the leg
✔✔Treatment of SSRI overdose - ✔✔
✔✔Finkelstein's test - ✔✔For detecting De Quervain's Tenosynovitis, where thumb is in
the fist and you ulnarly deviate looking for pain in the radial wrist.
✔✔Indication for 2nd dose of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in children -
✔✔Sickle Cell Disease
✔✔Excessive femoral anteversion with normal mobility - ✔✔Observation
Surgery should be reserved for children 8-10 years of age who still have cosmetically
unacceptable, dysfunctional gaits.
✔✔Most effective treatment for OCD - ✔✔Repetitive exposure to fearful stimuli
Tricyclic antidepressants and SSRIs are also effective
✔✔Effective treatment for post-herpetic neuralgia - ✔✔Topical agents such as lidocaine
patches and capsaicin cream or patches, as have the oral agents gabapentin,
pregabalin, and amitriptyline.
✔✔Empiric treatment of pyelonephritis - ✔✔Ciprofloxacin
✔✔Light's criteria: exudative if pleural:serum protein >0.5 and LDH >0.6 (or >2/3 upper
limit of normal LDH) - ✔✔Pulmonary embolism
- Pleural effusions associated with malignancy, pneumonia, viral illness, and asbestosis
tend to be exudative.
✔✔Brachial cleft cyst - ✔✔Congenital lesion, usually results in solitary cyst located in
lateral neck anterior to the SCM; may have sinus to skin.
✔✔Antibiotic prophylaxis for dog bites - ✔✔Hand involvement
✔✔Leading cause of death worldwide - ✔✔Cardiovascular disease
, ✔✔Which one of the following potential bioterrorism agents requires treatment with 60
days of continuous antibiotics? - ✔✔Anthrax
✔✔What is a pet reptile most likely to transmit to its human contacts? - ✔✔Salmonella
✔✔Supplement to be added shortly after birth to infants who are fully or partially
breastfed - ✔✔Vitamin D 400IU daily
Continuing until the child is consuming at least 500 mL/day of formula or milk containing
vitamin D
✔✔What should be monitored whilst on testosterone replacement therapy? -
✔✔Haematocrit (may increase)
- Polycythaemia is thus an absolute contraindication to starting testosterone
✔✔Treatment of narcolepsy - ✔✔Treatment involves improving both the quantity and
quality of sleep during the night, which can be accomplished with sodium oxybate. This
improves daytime alertness and cataplexy. Scheduling naps is the second important
aspect of managing narcolepsy. The third important step is the use of stimulants such
as methylphenidate to improve function during the day. Periodic daytime naps may also
help to reduce symptoms.
✔✔Initial screening for Hereditary Haemochromatosis in those with persistent abnormal
LFTs i.e. raised transaminases - ✔✔Fe and transferrin saturation
✔✔Most common cause of chest pain in children - ✔✔Musculoskeletal
✔✔When should patient with hyperplastic polyps on colonoscopy be due for repeat
surveillance? - ✔✔Small (less than 10 mm) hyperplastic polyps in the rectum and
sigmoid rarely exhibit dysplasia or develop into colon cancer, colonoscopy may be
repeated in 10 years if they are the only finding.
✔✔Elevated serum levels of this is indicative of Vitamin B12 deficiency -
✔✔Mmethylmalonic acid
✔✔Most common cause of child abuse in USA - ✔✔Neglect
✔✔Most common cancer diagnosed in the USA - ✔✔Basal cell carcinomas
✔✔Which parasitic infection (in the USA) when left neglected has potential
consequences that include cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and fatal cardiac arrhythmias?
- ✔✔American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease)
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔In a healthy full-term infant who is exclusively breastfed, iron supplementation
should begin at what age in order to prevent iron deficiency anaemia? - ✔✔4 months
- In preterm babies (before 37w), elemental iron supplementation (2mg/kg per day)
should begin at 1 month of age and should continue until 12 months of age, unless the
infant had multiple blood transfusions.
✔✔In primary nephrotic syndrome, other than proteinuria and low albumin, what else is
commonly observed? - ✔✔Coagulopathy
✔✔Chronic medication that can cause B12 deficiency - ✔✔Metformin
✔✔Strongest risk factor for primary hypertension in children and adolescents -
✔✔Elevated BMI
✔✔While Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species are the most common
causes of skin and soft-tissue infection, which organism should also be considered? -
✔✔Pseudomonas
✔✔Treatment of erythrasma (Wood's lamp coral pink/red fluorescence, fine-scaled with
a cigarette-paper appearance) caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum infection -
✔✔Erythromycin
✔✔Which radiologic funding of a lung nodule is most predictive of malignancy? - ✔✔
✔✔Which investigation is routine in all newborns with Down syndrome? -
✔✔Echocardiography
✔✔Treatment duration for provoked vs unprovoked PE - ✔✔3 months and indefinitely
respectively
✔✔In patients with symptoms indicative of pneumonia or heart failure, what
investigations can be done to determine treatment of either condition or both? - ✔✔BNP
and procalcitonin levels
✔✔How to increase HDL (good cholesterol)? - ✔✔Add niacin
✔✔Dietary recommendation in diverticulosis - ✔✔High fibre or take fibre supplements
✔✔Side effects of prolonged PPI use - ✔✔C diff infection, hypoMg, hip fracture
,✔✔Which antiemetic blocks dopamine stimulation in the chemoreceptor trigger zone? -
✔✔Metoclopramide
✔✔Little League shoulder is a repetitive use injury causing disruption at the proximal
growth plate of the humerus - ✔✔Proximal humeral epiphysitis.
Can be seen on plain radiographs as widening, demineralization, or sclerosis at the
growth plate.
✔✔Taking beta carotene and Vit E to prevent cancer and heart disease - ✔✔
✔✔Fluoride supplementation should be started at what age when primary water supply
is deficient in fluoride - ✔✔6 months
✔✔Medications that can reduce serum Vitamin D levels - ✔✔Rifampicin, Phenytoin
✔✔Isolated posterior cruciate ligament tear - ✔✔Direct blow to the anterior tibia whilst
knee is in flexion
✔✔What should patients be periodically monitored for whilst on Amiodarone? - ✔✔TSH
✔✔Drug of choice in depressed persons with cardiovascular disease - ✔✔SSRIs
✔✔Antibiotics causing prolonged QT - ✔✔Macrolides
✔✔Benign nocturnal limb pains of childhood (previously known as "growing pains") -
✔✔Usually occur in the evening or night time, may sometimes wake patient from sleep,
short-lived (about 30min), not associated with redness/swelling/tenderness/limping.
No further work-up necessary.
✔✔Treatment of OSA in children - ✔✔Adenotonsillectomy
✔✔What is most likely seen with diastolic dysfunction? - ✔✔A preserved ejection
fraction
✔✔Positive hip FADIR and FABER testing - ✔✔Hip labral tear
✔✔Childhood vaccination carrying risk of febrile seizure in up to 2 weeks post-
administration - ✔✔MMR
✔✔Elbow Moving Valgus Stress Test - ✔✔Ulnar collateral ligament injury
,✔✔In United Stated, at what age is it recommended for cow's milk be introduced? -
✔✔12 months
✔✔Treatment for lateral dislocation of the patella - ✔✔Medically directed pressure on
the patella while extending the leg
✔✔Treatment of SSRI overdose - ✔✔
✔✔Finkelstein's test - ✔✔For detecting De Quervain's Tenosynovitis, where thumb is in
the fist and you ulnarly deviate looking for pain in the radial wrist.
✔✔Indication for 2nd dose of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in children -
✔✔Sickle Cell Disease
✔✔Excessive femoral anteversion with normal mobility - ✔✔Observation
Surgery should be reserved for children 8-10 years of age who still have cosmetically
unacceptable, dysfunctional gaits.
✔✔Most effective treatment for OCD - ✔✔Repetitive exposure to fearful stimuli
Tricyclic antidepressants and SSRIs are also effective
✔✔Effective treatment for post-herpetic neuralgia - ✔✔Topical agents such as lidocaine
patches and capsaicin cream or patches, as have the oral agents gabapentin,
pregabalin, and amitriptyline.
✔✔Empiric treatment of pyelonephritis - ✔✔Ciprofloxacin
✔✔Light's criteria: exudative if pleural:serum protein >0.5 and LDH >0.6 (or >2/3 upper
limit of normal LDH) - ✔✔Pulmonary embolism
- Pleural effusions associated with malignancy, pneumonia, viral illness, and asbestosis
tend to be exudative.
✔✔Brachial cleft cyst - ✔✔Congenital lesion, usually results in solitary cyst located in
lateral neck anterior to the SCM; may have sinus to skin.
✔✔Antibiotic prophylaxis for dog bites - ✔✔Hand involvement
✔✔Leading cause of death worldwide - ✔✔Cardiovascular disease
, ✔✔Which one of the following potential bioterrorism agents requires treatment with 60
days of continuous antibiotics? - ✔✔Anthrax
✔✔What is a pet reptile most likely to transmit to its human contacts? - ✔✔Salmonella
✔✔Supplement to be added shortly after birth to infants who are fully or partially
breastfed - ✔✔Vitamin D 400IU daily
Continuing until the child is consuming at least 500 mL/day of formula or milk containing
vitamin D
✔✔What should be monitored whilst on testosterone replacement therapy? -
✔✔Haematocrit (may increase)
- Polycythaemia is thus an absolute contraindication to starting testosterone
✔✔Treatment of narcolepsy - ✔✔Treatment involves improving both the quantity and
quality of sleep during the night, which can be accomplished with sodium oxybate. This
improves daytime alertness and cataplexy. Scheduling naps is the second important
aspect of managing narcolepsy. The third important step is the use of stimulants such
as methylphenidate to improve function during the day. Periodic daytime naps may also
help to reduce symptoms.
✔✔Initial screening for Hereditary Haemochromatosis in those with persistent abnormal
LFTs i.e. raised transaminases - ✔✔Fe and transferrin saturation
✔✔Most common cause of chest pain in children - ✔✔Musculoskeletal
✔✔When should patient with hyperplastic polyps on colonoscopy be due for repeat
surveillance? - ✔✔Small (less than 10 mm) hyperplastic polyps in the rectum and
sigmoid rarely exhibit dysplasia or develop into colon cancer, colonoscopy may be
repeated in 10 years if they are the only finding.
✔✔Elevated serum levels of this is indicative of Vitamin B12 deficiency -
✔✔Mmethylmalonic acid
✔✔Most common cause of child abuse in USA - ✔✔Neglect
✔✔Most common cancer diagnosed in the USA - ✔✔Basal cell carcinomas
✔✔Which parasitic infection (in the USA) when left neglected has potential
consequences that include cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and fatal cardiac arrhythmias?
- ✔✔American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease)
