NUR 111 UPDATED EXAM SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Hyperthermia - ✔✔High body temperature above 104°F; caused by infection or heat
exposure.
✔✔Signs of Hyperthermia - ✔✔Flushed skin, sweating (early), dry skin (late), confusion,
rapid pulse.
✔✔Malignant Hyperthermia - ✔✔Dangerous reaction to anesthesia causing muscle
rigidity and very high temperature.
✔✔Treatment for Malignant Hyperthermia - ✔✔Stop anesthesia, give dantrolene, cool
the patient, give IV fluids.
✔✔Nursing Care for Temperature Imbalance - ✔✔Monitor temperature, adjust
environment, encourage fluids, teach prevention.Oxygenation | The process of
delivering oxygen to tissues and removing carbon dioxide.
✔✔Normal SpO₂ - ✔✔95-100%.
✔✔Hypoxia - ✔✔Low oxygen in tissues; early signs: restlessness, anxiety, tachycardia.
✔✔Late Signs of Hypoxia - ✔✔Cyanosis, confusion, slow heart and breathing rates.
✔✔Respiratory Assessment - ✔✔Inspect breathing effort, listen to lung sounds, check
skin color, measure SpO₂.
✔✔Nasal Cannula - ✔✔Delivers 24-44% O₂ at 1-6 L/min; humidify if >4 L.
✔✔Simple Mask - ✔✔Delivers 40-60% O₂ at 5-8 L/min; short term use.
✔✔Venturi Mask - ✔✔Delivers 24-60% O₂; most precise oxygen delivery.
✔✔Non-Rebreather Mask - ✔✔Delivers 60-100% O₂; emergency use, bag must stay
inflated.
✔✔Oxygen Safety - ✔✔No smoking, avoid sparks, check tubing and flow rate.
✔✔ABG Normal pH - ✔✔7.35-7.45.
✔✔ABG PaCO₂ - ✔✔35-45 mmHg; reflects ventilation.
✔✔ABG HCO₃⁻ - ✔✔22-26 mEq/L; reflects metabolic function.
, ✔✔Perfusion - ✔✔The flow of blood through tissues to deliver oxygen and nutrients.
✔✔Requirements for Perfusion - ✔✔Adequate cardiac output, blood volume, and open
vessels.
✔✔Cardiac Output Formula - ✔✔CO = Heart Rate × Stroke Volume.
✔✔Poor Perfusion Signs - ✔✔Pale or cool skin, weak pulses, low urine output,
confusion, dizziness.
✔✔Tissue Perfusion Problems - ✔✔Capillary refill >3 seconds, cyanosis, poor wound
healing.
✔✔Causes of Poor Perfusion - ✔✔Heart failure, dehydration, blood loss, clots.
✔✔Nursing Interventions for Poor Perfusion - ✔✔Monitor vital signs, pulses, urine
output; elevate legs, give O₂ or fluids.
✔✔Adequate Urine Output - ✔✔At least 30 mL/hr indicates good perfusion.
✔✔Body Water Percentage - ✔✔About 60% of adult body weight is water.
✔✔Intracellular Fluid (ICF) - ✔✔Fluid inside cells; makes up 2/3 of total body water.
✔✔Extracellular Fluid (ECF) - ✔✔Fluid outside cells (plasma + interstitial fluid).
✔✔Osmosis - ✔✔Water moves from low solute to high solute concentration.
✔✔Diffusion - ✔✔Molecules move from high to low concentration.
✔✔Filtration - ✔✔Movement of fluid from high to low pressure.
✔✔Active Transport - ✔✔Requires energy (ATP), like Na⁺/K⁺ pump.
✔✔Isotonic Fluids - ✔✔0.9% NS, Lactated Ringers; stays in vessels, expands ECF.
✔✔Hypotonic Fluids - ✔✔0.45% NS; moves water into cells.
✔✔Hypertonic Fluids - ✔✔3% NS, D10W; pulls water out of cells.
✔✔Sodium (Na⁺) Normal Range - ✔✔135-145 mEq/L.
ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Hyperthermia - ✔✔High body temperature above 104°F; caused by infection or heat
exposure.
✔✔Signs of Hyperthermia - ✔✔Flushed skin, sweating (early), dry skin (late), confusion,
rapid pulse.
✔✔Malignant Hyperthermia - ✔✔Dangerous reaction to anesthesia causing muscle
rigidity and very high temperature.
✔✔Treatment for Malignant Hyperthermia - ✔✔Stop anesthesia, give dantrolene, cool
the patient, give IV fluids.
✔✔Nursing Care for Temperature Imbalance - ✔✔Monitor temperature, adjust
environment, encourage fluids, teach prevention.Oxygenation | The process of
delivering oxygen to tissues and removing carbon dioxide.
✔✔Normal SpO₂ - ✔✔95-100%.
✔✔Hypoxia - ✔✔Low oxygen in tissues; early signs: restlessness, anxiety, tachycardia.
✔✔Late Signs of Hypoxia - ✔✔Cyanosis, confusion, slow heart and breathing rates.
✔✔Respiratory Assessment - ✔✔Inspect breathing effort, listen to lung sounds, check
skin color, measure SpO₂.
✔✔Nasal Cannula - ✔✔Delivers 24-44% O₂ at 1-6 L/min; humidify if >4 L.
✔✔Simple Mask - ✔✔Delivers 40-60% O₂ at 5-8 L/min; short term use.
✔✔Venturi Mask - ✔✔Delivers 24-60% O₂; most precise oxygen delivery.
✔✔Non-Rebreather Mask - ✔✔Delivers 60-100% O₂; emergency use, bag must stay
inflated.
✔✔Oxygen Safety - ✔✔No smoking, avoid sparks, check tubing and flow rate.
✔✔ABG Normal pH - ✔✔7.35-7.45.
✔✔ABG PaCO₂ - ✔✔35-45 mmHg; reflects ventilation.
✔✔ABG HCO₃⁻ - ✔✔22-26 mEq/L; reflects metabolic function.
, ✔✔Perfusion - ✔✔The flow of blood through tissues to deliver oxygen and nutrients.
✔✔Requirements for Perfusion - ✔✔Adequate cardiac output, blood volume, and open
vessels.
✔✔Cardiac Output Formula - ✔✔CO = Heart Rate × Stroke Volume.
✔✔Poor Perfusion Signs - ✔✔Pale or cool skin, weak pulses, low urine output,
confusion, dizziness.
✔✔Tissue Perfusion Problems - ✔✔Capillary refill >3 seconds, cyanosis, poor wound
healing.
✔✔Causes of Poor Perfusion - ✔✔Heart failure, dehydration, blood loss, clots.
✔✔Nursing Interventions for Poor Perfusion - ✔✔Monitor vital signs, pulses, urine
output; elevate legs, give O₂ or fluids.
✔✔Adequate Urine Output - ✔✔At least 30 mL/hr indicates good perfusion.
✔✔Body Water Percentage - ✔✔About 60% of adult body weight is water.
✔✔Intracellular Fluid (ICF) - ✔✔Fluid inside cells; makes up 2/3 of total body water.
✔✔Extracellular Fluid (ECF) - ✔✔Fluid outside cells (plasma + interstitial fluid).
✔✔Osmosis - ✔✔Water moves from low solute to high solute concentration.
✔✔Diffusion - ✔✔Molecules move from high to low concentration.
✔✔Filtration - ✔✔Movement of fluid from high to low pressure.
✔✔Active Transport - ✔✔Requires energy (ATP), like Na⁺/K⁺ pump.
✔✔Isotonic Fluids - ✔✔0.9% NS, Lactated Ringers; stays in vessels, expands ECF.
✔✔Hypotonic Fluids - ✔✔0.45% NS; moves water into cells.
✔✔Hypertonic Fluids - ✔✔3% NS, D10W; pulls water out of cells.
✔✔Sodium (Na⁺) Normal Range - ✔✔135-145 mEq/L.
