WGU C224 Study Set FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED SOLUTIONS||100%
GUARANTEED PASS||ALREADY A+
GRADED||UPDATED 2026D/2027
SYLLABUS||<<NEWEST VERSION>>
privacy - ANSWER ✓ the control of others' access to information about you
measurement - ANSWER ✓ act of measuring, which involves identifying the
dimensions, quantity, capacity, or degree of something
nominal (categorical variables) - ANSWER ✓ CATEGORIZES, labels, classifies,
names, or identifies types or kinds of things that CAN'T BE QUANTIFIED
ordinal - ANSWER ✓ provides RANK ORDER of objects or individuals from
FIRST TO LAST or best to worst
interval - ANSWER ✓ includes rank ordering and this additional characteristic:
EQUAL INTERVALS or distances BETWEEN ADJACENT NUMBERS
lack TRUE ZERO POINT
ratio - ANSWER ✓ includes rank ordering, equal intervals, and this additional
characteristic: AN ABSOLUTE ZERO POINT (which permits forming ration
statements)
reliability - ANSWER ✓ consistency or stability of the test scores
validity - ANSWER ✓ accuracy of the inferences or interpretations made by an
observer from the test scores
, reliability coefficient - ANSWER ✓ when you calculate a correlation coefficient
as a measure of reliability
test-retest - ANSWER ✓ - consistency of test scores OVER TIME
- correlate test scores obtained at one point in time with scores obtained at a later
point in time for a group of people
equivalent forms - ANSWER ✓ - consistency of test scores obtained on TWO
EQUIVALENT FORMS of test measuring same thing
- give two forms of test to group and correlated scores
internal consistency - ANSWER ✓ - consistency that items MEASURE SINGLE
CONSTRUCT
- used to estimate reliability of HOMOGENOUS TEST (test that measures one
construct) or to estimate reliability of dimensions on multidimensional test
interscorer - ANSWER ✓ - consistency or degree of AGREEMENT BETWEEN
TWO OR MORE JUDGES or raters
validity - ANSWER ✓ appropriateness of the interpretations, inferences, and
actions made based on test scores
validity evidence - ANSWER ✓ empirical evidence and theoretical rationales that
support the interpretations and actions taken on the basis of the score(s) obtained
from an assessment prodedure
validation - ANSWER ✓ inquiry process of gathering validity evidence that
supports score interpretations or inferences
methods to obtain validity evidence - ANSWER ✓ 1. evidence based on
CONTENT
- does the content ADEQUATELY REPRESENT the construct?
2. evidence based on INTERNAL STRUCTURE
,- does the test measure the NUMBER OF DIMENSIONS it is supposed to
measure?
3. evidence based on RELATION TO OTHER VARIABLES
- is the test RELATED TO OTHER MEASURES of the construct?
- is it unrelated to different constructs?
- can it be used to PREDICT FUTURE PERFORMANCE on important criteria?
- do groups that are KNOWN TO DIFFER on the construct get different scores on
the test in the hypothesized direction?
research approach(es) or methods - ANSWER ✓ (experimental, correlational,
ethnography, grounded theory, etc) to help them decide on a research design and a
research strategy that will all them to answer their research question
methods of data collection - ANSWER ✓ tests, questionnaires, interviews, focus
groups, observation, constructed and secondary or existing data
tests - ANSWER ✓ PURPOSE
- measures attitudes, personality, self-perceptions, aptitude, and performance
VARIETIES
- standardized intelligence and personality
- achievement
- preschool
- aptitude
- diagnostic
- experimental
questionnaires - ANSWER ✓ PURPOSE
- obtains information about the thoughts, feelings, attitudes, beliefs, values,
perceptions, personality, and behavioral intentions
VARIETIES
- quantitative (closed)
- qualitative
*standardized open-ended
*interview guide approach
*informal conversational
, interviews - ANSWER ✓ PURPOSE
- interviewer impartially collects the data from the interviewee, who provides the
data
VARIETIES
- in-person (face-to-face)
- over the phone
focus groups - ANSWER ✓ PURPOSE
- examines, in detail, how the group members think and feel about a topic
VARIETIES
- two to four homogeneous groups of 6 - 12 participants per research study
- researcher may include some heterogeneity, depending on the purpose
observation - ANSWER ✓ PURPOSE:
- obtains information about the phenomenon by watching behavioral patterns of
people in certain situations
VARIETIES
- quantitative (structured) - standardized of all observational procedures
- qualitative (naturalistic) - exploratory without advance specificiation
constructed and secondary or existing data - ANSWER ✓ PURPOSE
- Constructed: information produced by your research participants during the
research study
- Secondary/Existing: information collected, recorded, or left behind at an earlier
time, usually by a different person and often for an entirely different purpose
VARIETIES
- Constructed
*drawings/painting
*diaries
*recordings
*videos
*newly produced personal documents
- Secondary/existing
*personal documents
*official documents
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
DETAILED SOLUTIONS||100%
GUARANTEED PASS||ALREADY A+
GRADED||UPDATED 2026D/2027
SYLLABUS||<<NEWEST VERSION>>
privacy - ANSWER ✓ the control of others' access to information about you
measurement - ANSWER ✓ act of measuring, which involves identifying the
dimensions, quantity, capacity, or degree of something
nominal (categorical variables) - ANSWER ✓ CATEGORIZES, labels, classifies,
names, or identifies types or kinds of things that CAN'T BE QUANTIFIED
ordinal - ANSWER ✓ provides RANK ORDER of objects or individuals from
FIRST TO LAST or best to worst
interval - ANSWER ✓ includes rank ordering and this additional characteristic:
EQUAL INTERVALS or distances BETWEEN ADJACENT NUMBERS
lack TRUE ZERO POINT
ratio - ANSWER ✓ includes rank ordering, equal intervals, and this additional
characteristic: AN ABSOLUTE ZERO POINT (which permits forming ration
statements)
reliability - ANSWER ✓ consistency or stability of the test scores
validity - ANSWER ✓ accuracy of the inferences or interpretations made by an
observer from the test scores
, reliability coefficient - ANSWER ✓ when you calculate a correlation coefficient
as a measure of reliability
test-retest - ANSWER ✓ - consistency of test scores OVER TIME
- correlate test scores obtained at one point in time with scores obtained at a later
point in time for a group of people
equivalent forms - ANSWER ✓ - consistency of test scores obtained on TWO
EQUIVALENT FORMS of test measuring same thing
- give two forms of test to group and correlated scores
internal consistency - ANSWER ✓ - consistency that items MEASURE SINGLE
CONSTRUCT
- used to estimate reliability of HOMOGENOUS TEST (test that measures one
construct) or to estimate reliability of dimensions on multidimensional test
interscorer - ANSWER ✓ - consistency or degree of AGREEMENT BETWEEN
TWO OR MORE JUDGES or raters
validity - ANSWER ✓ appropriateness of the interpretations, inferences, and
actions made based on test scores
validity evidence - ANSWER ✓ empirical evidence and theoretical rationales that
support the interpretations and actions taken on the basis of the score(s) obtained
from an assessment prodedure
validation - ANSWER ✓ inquiry process of gathering validity evidence that
supports score interpretations or inferences
methods to obtain validity evidence - ANSWER ✓ 1. evidence based on
CONTENT
- does the content ADEQUATELY REPRESENT the construct?
2. evidence based on INTERNAL STRUCTURE
,- does the test measure the NUMBER OF DIMENSIONS it is supposed to
measure?
3. evidence based on RELATION TO OTHER VARIABLES
- is the test RELATED TO OTHER MEASURES of the construct?
- is it unrelated to different constructs?
- can it be used to PREDICT FUTURE PERFORMANCE on important criteria?
- do groups that are KNOWN TO DIFFER on the construct get different scores on
the test in the hypothesized direction?
research approach(es) or methods - ANSWER ✓ (experimental, correlational,
ethnography, grounded theory, etc) to help them decide on a research design and a
research strategy that will all them to answer their research question
methods of data collection - ANSWER ✓ tests, questionnaires, interviews, focus
groups, observation, constructed and secondary or existing data
tests - ANSWER ✓ PURPOSE
- measures attitudes, personality, self-perceptions, aptitude, and performance
VARIETIES
- standardized intelligence and personality
- achievement
- preschool
- aptitude
- diagnostic
- experimental
questionnaires - ANSWER ✓ PURPOSE
- obtains information about the thoughts, feelings, attitudes, beliefs, values,
perceptions, personality, and behavioral intentions
VARIETIES
- quantitative (closed)
- qualitative
*standardized open-ended
*interview guide approach
*informal conversational
, interviews - ANSWER ✓ PURPOSE
- interviewer impartially collects the data from the interviewee, who provides the
data
VARIETIES
- in-person (face-to-face)
- over the phone
focus groups - ANSWER ✓ PURPOSE
- examines, in detail, how the group members think and feel about a topic
VARIETIES
- two to four homogeneous groups of 6 - 12 participants per research study
- researcher may include some heterogeneity, depending on the purpose
observation - ANSWER ✓ PURPOSE:
- obtains information about the phenomenon by watching behavioral patterns of
people in certain situations
VARIETIES
- quantitative (structured) - standardized of all observational procedures
- qualitative (naturalistic) - exploratory without advance specificiation
constructed and secondary or existing data - ANSWER ✓ PURPOSE
- Constructed: information produced by your research participants during the
research study
- Secondary/Existing: information collected, recorded, or left behind at an earlier
time, usually by a different person and often for an entirely different purpose
VARIETIES
- Constructed
*drawings/painting
*diaries
*recordings
*videos
*newly produced personal documents
- Secondary/existing
*personal documents
*official documents
