MMSC 200 EXAM 3 ACTUAL EXAM SCRIPT:
HIGH-VALUE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS FROM CELLULAR DYNAMICS
SESSIONS 2026
⩥ Functions of the Kidney Answer: -Filter wastes to form urine;
about 200 quarts of blood are filtered every day to form 2 quarts of
urine
-Maintain proper balance of water, electrolytes (sodium, potassium),
and acids
⩥ Hormones of the Kidney Answer: erythropoietin and renin
⩥ How does the kidney produce urine? Answer: Blood enters the
kidney through the left and right renal arteries
⩥ What filters blood? Answer: Glomerulus, this occurs by the blood
Plasma passing through
⩥ Afferent vs Efferent arteriole Answer: afferent arteriole brings
blood to the glomerulus and the efferent arteriole takes blood away
from the glomerulus.
⩥ Bowman's capsule Answer: cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron
which encloses the glomerulus and which filtration takes place.
,⩥ Four steps of urine production Answer: 1. Glomerular Filtration
2. Tubular Reabsorption
3. Tubular Secretion
4. Water Reabsorption
⩥ nephron Answer: Glomerulus and the renal tubule form a nephron.
There are 1.2 million in each kidney.
⩥ Parts of the nephron Answer:
⩥ parenchyma Answer: functional part of an organ
⩥ calyces Answer: cup-like structures that funnel urine towards the
renal pelvis
⩥ renal calices Answer: Part of collecting system that encompasses
apex of renal pyramids
⩥ How does the kidney produce urine Answer: By filtration of the
blood and selective reabsorption of useful substances such as glucose,
some ions and water
⩥ Organs in the male urinary system Answer: kidney, ureter, urinary
bladder, urethra
,Prostate
⩥ Organs of female urinary system Answer: kidney, ureter, urinary
bladder, urethra, vagina
Uterus
⩥ Erythropoietin Answer: stimulates red blood cell production in the
bone marrow
⩥ Renin Answer: hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood
pressure by influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
⩥ Angiotensin II Answer: stimulates aldosterone secretion
⩥ Aldosterone from the adrenal gland Answer: - controls salt and
water balance
- regulated by the RAAS system
- can reabsorb water and/ or sodium into the blood
⩥ juxtaglomerular apparatus Answer: Specialized cells next to the
glomerulus that help to regulate blood pressure. Synthesizes and
stores renin
, ⩥ antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Answer: - if blood osmolarity is above
the normal range, ADH is secreted from the pituitary glad
- Increased the permeability of the collecting duct, more water can be
reclaimed by the bloodstream
- Urine output is decreased
⩥ Diabetese Insipidus Answer: - "Too much tasteless urine"
- Insufficient ADH of kidneys doesn't respond to ADH, water is lost
and lot of urine is produced.
⩥ diabestes mellitus Answer: "Mellitus means Sweet"
- Glycosuria
- Polyuria (frequent urination)
- Hyperglycemia (increased blood glucose levels)
⩥ dips/o Answer: thirst
⩥ glomerul/o Answer: glomerulus
⩥ glycos/o Answer: sugar
⩥ hydr/o Answer: water
⩥ isch/o Answer: to hold back
HIGH-VALUE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS FROM CELLULAR DYNAMICS
SESSIONS 2026
⩥ Functions of the Kidney Answer: -Filter wastes to form urine;
about 200 quarts of blood are filtered every day to form 2 quarts of
urine
-Maintain proper balance of water, electrolytes (sodium, potassium),
and acids
⩥ Hormones of the Kidney Answer: erythropoietin and renin
⩥ How does the kidney produce urine? Answer: Blood enters the
kidney through the left and right renal arteries
⩥ What filters blood? Answer: Glomerulus, this occurs by the blood
Plasma passing through
⩥ Afferent vs Efferent arteriole Answer: afferent arteriole brings
blood to the glomerulus and the efferent arteriole takes blood away
from the glomerulus.
⩥ Bowman's capsule Answer: cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron
which encloses the glomerulus and which filtration takes place.
,⩥ Four steps of urine production Answer: 1. Glomerular Filtration
2. Tubular Reabsorption
3. Tubular Secretion
4. Water Reabsorption
⩥ nephron Answer: Glomerulus and the renal tubule form a nephron.
There are 1.2 million in each kidney.
⩥ Parts of the nephron Answer:
⩥ parenchyma Answer: functional part of an organ
⩥ calyces Answer: cup-like structures that funnel urine towards the
renal pelvis
⩥ renal calices Answer: Part of collecting system that encompasses
apex of renal pyramids
⩥ How does the kidney produce urine Answer: By filtration of the
blood and selective reabsorption of useful substances such as glucose,
some ions and water
⩥ Organs in the male urinary system Answer: kidney, ureter, urinary
bladder, urethra
,Prostate
⩥ Organs of female urinary system Answer: kidney, ureter, urinary
bladder, urethra, vagina
Uterus
⩥ Erythropoietin Answer: stimulates red blood cell production in the
bone marrow
⩥ Renin Answer: hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood
pressure by influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
⩥ Angiotensin II Answer: stimulates aldosterone secretion
⩥ Aldosterone from the adrenal gland Answer: - controls salt and
water balance
- regulated by the RAAS system
- can reabsorb water and/ or sodium into the blood
⩥ juxtaglomerular apparatus Answer: Specialized cells next to the
glomerulus that help to regulate blood pressure. Synthesizes and
stores renin
, ⩥ antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Answer: - if blood osmolarity is above
the normal range, ADH is secreted from the pituitary glad
- Increased the permeability of the collecting duct, more water can be
reclaimed by the bloodstream
- Urine output is decreased
⩥ Diabetese Insipidus Answer: - "Too much tasteless urine"
- Insufficient ADH of kidneys doesn't respond to ADH, water is lost
and lot of urine is produced.
⩥ diabestes mellitus Answer: "Mellitus means Sweet"
- Glycosuria
- Polyuria (frequent urination)
- Hyperglycemia (increased blood glucose levels)
⩥ dips/o Answer: thirst
⩥ glomerul/o Answer: glomerulus
⩥ glycos/o Answer: sugar
⩥ hydr/o Answer: water
⩥ isch/o Answer: to hold back
