CLEP Introductory Sociology: People
UPDATED Study Guide QUESTIONSAND
CORRECT ANSWSER
C. Wright Mills - CORRECT ANSWERS created the "sociological
imagination", found that leaders in major areas of influence and authority not
only share a singular vision of what is fair and good but also that they act in
ways that serve their interest in maintaining the existing stratification system
and their positions in it
Auguste Comte - CORRECT ANSWERS "father of sociology", coined
the term sociology, three stages of development for social sciences
Harriet Martineau - CORRECT ANSWERS studied American society in
depth and was an advocate for slaves, women's rights, wrote extensive analyses
of social life, and translated August Comte's ideas into English
Karl Marx - CORRECT ANSWERS theoretical giant of communist
thought, saw conflict as only between classes, believed that all of human history
and society can be traced to the basic material circumstances of men and
women in a productive relationship with nature.
He attributed inequalities of wealth, power, and prestige to the economic
situation that class structures present
Herbert Spencer - CORRECT ANSWERS society follows a natural
evolutionary progression towards something better, inspired functionalism
Emile Durkheim - CORRECT ANSWERS statistical study of suicide,
inspired functionalism, believed that the source of both moral and mental life is
society, saw religion as validating the existence of society
, Max Weber - CORRECT ANSWERS sought to explain the origins of
capitalism, verstehen, believed the Protestant work ethic was decisive in
producing the spirit of the modern form of industrial capitalism, found it
possible to establish the social origins of kinship by means of cross-cultural
comparisons, differentiated between three types of authority, studied many
religions to determine how each established psychological and practical grounds
for economic activity, discovered various sources of stratification
Lester Ward and William Graham - CORRECT ANSWERS under their
influence, sociology experienced a loss of interest in the larger problems of
social order and social change, began to concentrate on more specific social
problems
George Herbert Mead - CORRECT ANSWERS originated the field of
psychology, "me", "I", "generalized other", and symbolic interactionalism
Talcott Parsons - CORRECT ANSWERS functionalist who advocated
grand theory
Robert Merton - CORRECT ANSWERS proposed building middle
range from a limited number of assumptions from which hypotheses are derived
and distinguished between manifest and latent consequences of existing
elements of social structure. He also concluded that there is a disjunction
between means and ends in American society (such as the emphasis on wealth
and success without many legitimate means to achieve them)
Herbert Bloomer - CORRECT ANSWERS founded symbolic
interactionalism with George Herbert Mead
Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann - CORRECT ANSWERS
conceived the social construct of reality- the familiar notion that human beings
shape their world and are shaped by social interaction
UPDATED Study Guide QUESTIONSAND
CORRECT ANSWSER
C. Wright Mills - CORRECT ANSWERS created the "sociological
imagination", found that leaders in major areas of influence and authority not
only share a singular vision of what is fair and good but also that they act in
ways that serve their interest in maintaining the existing stratification system
and their positions in it
Auguste Comte - CORRECT ANSWERS "father of sociology", coined
the term sociology, three stages of development for social sciences
Harriet Martineau - CORRECT ANSWERS studied American society in
depth and was an advocate for slaves, women's rights, wrote extensive analyses
of social life, and translated August Comte's ideas into English
Karl Marx - CORRECT ANSWERS theoretical giant of communist
thought, saw conflict as only between classes, believed that all of human history
and society can be traced to the basic material circumstances of men and
women in a productive relationship with nature.
He attributed inequalities of wealth, power, and prestige to the economic
situation that class structures present
Herbert Spencer - CORRECT ANSWERS society follows a natural
evolutionary progression towards something better, inspired functionalism
Emile Durkheim - CORRECT ANSWERS statistical study of suicide,
inspired functionalism, believed that the source of both moral and mental life is
society, saw religion as validating the existence of society
, Max Weber - CORRECT ANSWERS sought to explain the origins of
capitalism, verstehen, believed the Protestant work ethic was decisive in
producing the spirit of the modern form of industrial capitalism, found it
possible to establish the social origins of kinship by means of cross-cultural
comparisons, differentiated between three types of authority, studied many
religions to determine how each established psychological and practical grounds
for economic activity, discovered various sources of stratification
Lester Ward and William Graham - CORRECT ANSWERS under their
influence, sociology experienced a loss of interest in the larger problems of
social order and social change, began to concentrate on more specific social
problems
George Herbert Mead - CORRECT ANSWERS originated the field of
psychology, "me", "I", "generalized other", and symbolic interactionalism
Talcott Parsons - CORRECT ANSWERS functionalist who advocated
grand theory
Robert Merton - CORRECT ANSWERS proposed building middle
range from a limited number of assumptions from which hypotheses are derived
and distinguished between manifest and latent consequences of existing
elements of social structure. He also concluded that there is a disjunction
between means and ends in American society (such as the emphasis on wealth
and success without many legitimate means to achieve them)
Herbert Bloomer - CORRECT ANSWERS founded symbolic
interactionalism with George Herbert Mead
Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann - CORRECT ANSWERS
conceived the social construct of reality- the familiar notion that human beings
shape their world and are shaped by social interaction
