MCAT Human Anatomy and
Physiology Study Practice Questions
with Latest 2025-2026 Correct
Answers GRADED A+
1. Action potential
- ANS - The generation of a moving electrochemical
impulse unidirectionally down an axon
2. synaptic transmission
- ANS - The electrical or chemical signal an action
potential transmits to a neuron or effector when it
reaches the axon terminal
3. neuron
- ANS - The functional and structural unit of the nervous
system
4. soma
- ANS - Central cell body of a neuron
,5. dendrite
- ANS - The receiving projections of a neuron
6. bioplar neuron
- ANS - A neuron with only one dendrite
7. multipolar neuron
- ANS - A neuron with multiple dendrites
8. synaptic knob
- ANS - The branching end points of the axon, where they
connect with other cells
9. synaptic cleft
- ANS - The gap between an axon terminal and the
recieving cell
10. resting membrane potential
- ANS - Generally around -70 mV, this is the negative
potential of a neuron due to the activity of the sodium-
potassium ATPase pumping 3 sodiums out and 2
potassium in.
,11. leak channels
- ANS - Ion channels which are always open to allow ions
to leak down their gradient
12. voltage-gated sodium channels
- ANS - Open in response to decreasing polarization,
allowing sodium to enter the cell
13. threshold potential
- ANS - About -50 mV, the electric potential needed to
open most voltage-gated sodium channels
14. repolarization
- ANS - A return to the resting membrane potential from
the peak voltage potential generated during the action
potential
15. myelin
- ANS - An insulating layer of cells that protects the axon
and increases the speed of the action potential by
saltatory conduction
16. Schwann cells
- ANS - Glial cells found in the peripheral nervous system
, which insulate neurons and increase the speed of
conduction
17. node of Ranvier
- ANS - Areas where ion channels are located on a
myelinated neuron, the action potential jumps between
these, which increases propagation speed
18. glial cells
- ANS - Cells which provide structure and support for
neurons
19. oligodendrocytes
- ANS - A glial cell which forms a myelin sheath in the
central nervous system
20. equilibrium potential
- ANS - The membrane potential where the net movement
of ions does not occur
21. Nernst equation
- ANS - E = (RT/zF)ln([outside]/[inside])
Physiology Study Practice Questions
with Latest 2025-2026 Correct
Answers GRADED A+
1. Action potential
- ANS - The generation of a moving electrochemical
impulse unidirectionally down an axon
2. synaptic transmission
- ANS - The electrical or chemical signal an action
potential transmits to a neuron or effector when it
reaches the axon terminal
3. neuron
- ANS - The functional and structural unit of the nervous
system
4. soma
- ANS - Central cell body of a neuron
,5. dendrite
- ANS - The receiving projections of a neuron
6. bioplar neuron
- ANS - A neuron with only one dendrite
7. multipolar neuron
- ANS - A neuron with multiple dendrites
8. synaptic knob
- ANS - The branching end points of the axon, where they
connect with other cells
9. synaptic cleft
- ANS - The gap between an axon terminal and the
recieving cell
10. resting membrane potential
- ANS - Generally around -70 mV, this is the negative
potential of a neuron due to the activity of the sodium-
potassium ATPase pumping 3 sodiums out and 2
potassium in.
,11. leak channels
- ANS - Ion channels which are always open to allow ions
to leak down their gradient
12. voltage-gated sodium channels
- ANS - Open in response to decreasing polarization,
allowing sodium to enter the cell
13. threshold potential
- ANS - About -50 mV, the electric potential needed to
open most voltage-gated sodium channels
14. repolarization
- ANS - A return to the resting membrane potential from
the peak voltage potential generated during the action
potential
15. myelin
- ANS - An insulating layer of cells that protects the axon
and increases the speed of the action potential by
saltatory conduction
16. Schwann cells
- ANS - Glial cells found in the peripheral nervous system
, which insulate neurons and increase the speed of
conduction
17. node of Ranvier
- ANS - Areas where ion channels are located on a
myelinated neuron, the action potential jumps between
these, which increases propagation speed
18. glial cells
- ANS - Cells which provide structure and support for
neurons
19. oligodendrocytes
- ANS - A glial cell which forms a myelin sheath in the
central nervous system
20. equilibrium potential
- ANS - The membrane potential where the net movement
of ions does not occur
21. Nernst equation
- ANS - E = (RT/zF)ln([outside]/[inside])
