EXPH 386 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

EXPH 386 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Oneg8calorieg8isg8definesg8asg8theg8amountg8ofg8heatg8requiresg8tog8raiseg8______g8k
gg8ofg8waterg8byg8______g8degreesg8celciusg8-g8ANSWERS--1
1

Theg8sung8transfersg8itsg8energyg8tog8ag8carg8andg8subsequentlyg8warmsg8it.g8Theg8te
rmg8thatg8describesg8thisg8processg8isg8-g8ANSWERS--heat

thisg8termg8describesg8howg8hotg8org8coldg8ang8objectg8isg8-g8ANSWERS--
temperature

Theg8energyg8yieldg8fromg8foodg8isg8ing8partg8determinedg8byg8theg8efficiencyg8ofg8dig
estiong8-g8ANSWERS--coefficientg8ofg8digestibility

Whyg8dog8lipidsg8containg8moreg8energyg8thatg8carbsg8org8proteins?g8-g8ANSWERS--
lipidsg8areg8moreg8energyg8denseg8becauseg8theyg8haveg8moreg8hydrogeng8atomsg8t
hatg8cang8beg8oxidized

energyg8relatesg8tog8theg8abilityg8tog8dog8_____g8-g8ANSWERS--work

theg8firstg8lawg8ofg8thermodynamicsg8isg8the..g8-g8ANSWERS--
conservationg8ofg8energy

Ang8objectg8isg8droppedg8fromg8theg8topg8ofg8theg8building.g8Onceg8theg8objectg8isg8re
leasedg8andg8isg8halfwayg8fromg8theg8ground,g8theg8objectg8hasg8...g8-g8ANSWERS--
kineticg8energyg8only???

wheng8ag8lipidg8moleculeg8isg8brokeng8down,g8energyg8isg8subsequentlyg8released.g8
Thisg8isg8ang8exampleg8ofg8ang8-g8ANSWERS--exergonicg8reaction

Tg8ORg8F
theg8secondg8lawg8ofg8thermodynamicsg8statesg8thatg8theg8transferg8ofg8potentialg8en
ergyg8ing8anyg8spontaneousg8processg8alwaysg8proceedsg8ing8ag8directiong8thatg8incr
easesg8theg8capacityg8tog8performg8work.g8-g8ANSWERS--false

Twog8examplesg8ofg8energyg8conversion:g8-g8ANSWERS---
photosynthesisg8(capturesg8energyg8thatg8weg8utilizeg8asg8foodg8andg8oxygen)
-
g8cellularg8respirationg8(energyg8releasedg8becomesg8conservedg8ing8compoundsg8us
edg8forg8biologicalg8processes)

Tg8ORg8F
enzymesg8areg8consumedg8duringg8ag8reactiong8-g8ANSWERS--false

,Howg8dog8enzymesg8increaseg8theg8rateg8ofg8theg8forwardg8andg8reverseg8reactions?
g8-g8ANSWERS--
theyg8accelerateg8theg8forwardg8andg8reverseg8ratesg8ofg8chemicalg8reactionsg8within
g8theg8bodyg8WITHOUTg8beingg8consumedg8org8changedg8ing8theg8reactiong8(therefo
reg8enzymesg8haveg8ag8slowg8turnoverg8rateg8andg8cang8beg8reused)

Reactiong8ratesg8dependg8ong8whatg8threeg8factors?g8-g8ANSWERS---PH
-temp
-g8availabilityg8ofg8substrates

Pyruvateg8gainsg8twog8hydrogensg8andg8thusg8formsg8lactate.g8Thisg8reactiong8isg8kn
owng8asg8_______g8reaction.
Withg8thisg8example,g8pyruvateg8isg8beingg8______g8-g8ANSWERS---reduction
-oxidized

Whatg8areg8theg8threeg8typesg8ofg8biologicalg8workg8ing8humans?g8Examples?g8-
g8ANSWERS--1.mechanical-g8muscleg8action
2.g8chemical-g8synthesizesg8cellularg8moleculesg8suchg8asg8glycogen,g8protein
3.g8transport-
g8concentrationg8substratesg8suchg8asg8Na+g8andg8K+g8ionsg8ing8intrag8andg8extracell
ularg8fluids

Whatg8isg8theg8purposeg8ofg8ag8buffer?g8-g8ANSWERS--
ag8chemicalg8org8physiologicalg8mechanismg8thatg8preventsg8changesg8ing8theg8H+g8
concentrationg8andg8thereforeg8PH

Involvesg8anyg8processg8ing8whichg8theg8atomsg8ing8ang8elementg8gaing8electrons,g8w
ithg8ag8correspondingg8decreaseg8ing8valenceg8-g8ANSWERS--reductiong8reaction

refersg8tog8theg8substanceg8beingg8reducedg8-g8ANSWERS--oxidizingg8agent

anyg8substanceg8thatg8ionizesg8ing8solutiong8tog8giveg8offg8H+g8-g8ANSWERS--acid

oxidationg8andg8reductiong8reactionsg8thatg8takeg8placeg8togetherg8-g8ANSWERS--
redoxg8reaction

theg8termg8thatg8refersg8tog8gaing8ofg8electronsg8-g8ANSWERS--reduction

refersg8tog8theg8substanceg8beingg8oxidizedg8-g8ANSWERS--reducingg8agent

reactionsg8thatg8transferg8oxygen,g8hydrogeng8atomsg8org8electrons.g8(ag8lossg8ofg8el
ectrons,g8withg8ag8correspondingg8gaing8ing8valency)g8-g8ANSWERS--
oxidationg8reaction

Anyg8substanceg8thatg8formsg8hydroxideg8ionsg8(OH-)g8ing8ag8waterg8solution.g8-
g8ANSWERS--Base


theg8termg8thatg8refersg8tog8theg8lossg8ofg8electronsg8-g8ANSWERS--oxidation

, Whatg8isg8theg8mechanismg8involvedg8ing8hydrolysisg8andg8whatg8isg8ang8exampleg8of
g8hydrolysis?g8-g8ANSWERS--theg8H+g8andg8OH-
g8fromg8waterg8areg8usedg8tog8splitg8chemicalg8bonds;g8digestion


Tg8ORg8F
theg8fartherg8ag8reactiong8isg8fromg8equilibrium,g8theg8moreg8energyg8itg8cang8release
g8-g8ANSWERS--true


Tg8ORg8F
enzymesg8attemptg8tog8driveg8theg8reactiong8theyg8catalyzeg8towardg8equilibriumg8-
g8ANSWERS--true


Whatg8partg8ofg8ang8ATPg8moleculeg8containsg8storedg8energy>g8-g8ANSWERS--
Adenosineg8Triphosphate

Ag8persong8ingestsg8someg8foodg8whichg8isg8subsequentlyg8brokeng8downg8tog8water
g8andg8carbong8dioxide.g8Whatg8isg8thisg8processg8called?
g8Whatg8typeg8ofg8reactiong8isg8this?g8Whatg8moleculeg8doesg8thisg8resultg8in?g8-
g8ANSWERS--catabolism,g8exergonic,g8ADPg8+g8PI


Tg8ORg8Fg8
ATPg8breakdowng8isg8ang8ang8aerobicg8processg8-g8ANSWERS--false

Ang8athleteg8isg8sprintingg8forg88g8tog810g8seconds.g8Hisg8skeletalg8muscleg8cellsg8co
ntaing8ag8veryg8smallg8amountg8ofg8ATP.g8Wheng8theg8initialg8supplyg8ofg8ATPg8isg8ca
tabolized,g8ag8moleculeg8isg8splitg8tog8resynthesizeg8ATP.g8Whatg8isg8theg8nameg8ofg8
theg8moleculeg8andg8enzymeg8usedg8ing8theg8reaction?g8-g8ANSWERS--
enzyme:g8adenylateg8kinase...g8
molecule:g8creatineg8kinase

Ang8athleteg8isg8sprintingg8forg88g8tog810g8seconds.g8Hisg8skeletalg8muscleg8cellsg8co
ntaing8ag8veryg8smallg8amountg8ofg8ATP.g8Wheng8theg8initialg8supplyg8ofg8ATPg8isg8ca
tabolized,g8ag8moleculeg8isg8splitg8tog8resynthesizeg8ATP.g8Doesg8theg8athleteg8requir
eg8oxygen?g8Whyg8not?g8-g8ANSWERS--
no,g8itg8isg8ang8anaerobicg8process,g8proceedsg8quicklyg8andg8interrupted

Wheng8theg8myocardialg8tissueg8ofg8theg8heartg8contracts,g8itg8allowsg8bloodg8tog8circ
ulateg8throughoutg8theg8body.g8Whatg8high-
g8energyg8moleculeg8isg8neededg8ing8orderg8forg8thisg8contractiong8tog8occur?g8-
g8ANSWERS--ATP


Whatg8reactiong8isg8occuringg8ing8theg8processg8ofg8ATPg8synthesisg8viag8theg8enzym
eg8creatineg8kinase?g8-g8ANSWERS--phosphorylation

Ing8whatg8organelleg8doesg8theg8processg8ofg8cellularg8oxidationg8takeg8place?g8-
g8ANSWERS--mitochondria


Howg8muchg8energyg8isg8releasedg8wheng8theg8enzymeg8______g8splitsg8ATPg8intog8
_____g8ing8vitro?g8-g8ANSWERS--ATPase....7.3g8kcal