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FullVSolutionVManualVforVAccountingVWhatVTheVNumbersVMeanV13thVEditionVDavidVMarshall
CHAPTER
Accounting—Present and Past V V
1
CHAPTERVOUTLINE:
I. WhatVIsVAccounting?
A. Definition
B. UsesVofVAccountingVInformation
C. Classifications
1. FinancialVAccounting
2. ManagerialVAccountingV/VCostVAccounting
3. AuditingV—VPublicVAccounting
4. InternalVAuditing
5. GovernmentalVandVNot-for-ProfitVAccounting
6. IncomeVTaxVAccounting
II. HowVHasVAccountingVDeveloped?
A. EarlyVHistory
B. TheVAccountingVProfessionVinVtheVUnitedVStates
C. FinancialVAccountingVStandardVSettingVatVtheVPresentVTime
1. FinancialVAccountingVStandardsVBoard
2. StandardsVareVEvolving
D. StandardsVforVOtherVTypesVofVAccounting
1. ManagerialVAccountingV/VCostVAccounting
2. Auditing
3. GovernmentalVandVNot-for-ProfitVAccounting
4. IncomeVTaxVAccounting
E. InternationalVAccountingVStandards
F. EthicsVandVtheVAccountingVProfession
III. TheVConceptualVFramework
A. Context
B. SummaryVofVConceptsVStatementVNo.V8,VChapterV1V—
VTheVObjectiveVofVGeneralVPurposeVFinancialVReporting
C. ObjectivesVofVFinancialVReportingVforVNonbusinessVOrganizations
IV. PlanVofVtheVBook
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TEACHING/LEARNINGVOBJECTIVES:
Principal:
1. ToVpresentVaVdefinitionVofVaccounting.
2. ToVidentifyVandVdescribeVdifferentV classificationsVofVaccounting.
3. ToVemphasizeVthatVfinancialVaccountingVstandardsVareVnotVaV―fixedVcodeVofVrules,‖Vbu
tVareVestablishedVinVresponseVtoVuserVneedsVandVbusinessVdevelopments.VAccountantsVn
eedVtoVapplyVprofessionalVjudgmentVinVtheVapplicationVofVaccountingVprinciples.
4. ToVemphasizeVtheVroleVandVsourcesVofVethicsVforVtheVaccountingVprofession.
Supporting:
5. ToVsummarizeVhowVaccountingVhasVevolvedVoverVtime.
6. ToVidentifyVsourcesVofVstandardsVforVotherVtypesVofVaccountingVandVtoVcontrastVthe
seVwithVfinancialVaccountingVstandards.
7. ToVintroduceVtheVissuesVassociatedVwithVtheVdevelopmentVofVinternationalVacco
untingVstandards.
8. ToVdescribeVtheVcontextVofVtheVFASBVConceptualVFrameworkVproject.
9. ToVsummarizeVConceptsVStatementVNo.V8,VChapterV1V—
VTheVObjectiveVofVGeneralVPurposeVFinancialVReporting.
10. ToVrelateVtheVobjectivesVofVfinancialVreportingVforVnonbusinessVorganizationsVtoVth
oseVofVbusinessVenterprises.
TEACHINGVOBSERVATIONS/ASSIGNMENTVSUGGESTIONS:
1. StudentsVshouldVbeVputVonVnoticeVaboutVtheVjargonVofVaccounting,VtheVuseVofVsynony
mousVterms,VtheVimportanceVofVtheVcontextVwithinVwhichVaVtermVisVused,VandVtheVnee
dVforVprecisionVinVtheVuseVofVterminology.VTheVfirstVexampleVofVjargonVisVtheVtermVe
ntity.
2. WhenVdiscussingV"AuditingV—
VPublicVAccounting,"VhaveVstudentsVfindVtheVauditors'VopinionVinVtheVCampbellVSoupV
CompanyV2020VAnnualVReportV(seeVpagesV87-
88VofVtheVAppendix).VEmphasizeVthatVaV"cleanVopinion"VisVnotVaV"cleanVbillVofVhealt
h."
3. DiscussVtheVSummaryVofVConceptsVStatementVNo.V8,VChapterV1V—
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, Instructor’sVManualV/VSolutionsVManu
VTheVObjectiveVofVFinancialVReporting,VinVdetail. al
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, Instructor’sVManualV/VSolutionsVManu
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4. AssignVExerciseV1-
1.VEncourageVstudentsVtoVexperimentVwithVwebsitesVthatVareVofVinterest.VInVaddition,Vo
rVasVanValternativeVtoVhavingVstudentsVrequestVtheirVownVannualVreports,VdistributeVrep
ortsVthatVhaveVbeenVobtainedVbyVtheVinstructor.
5. UseVExerciseV1-
5VtoVgenerateVdiscussionVaboutVtheVimportanceVofVethicalVstandardsVinVgeneralVandVind
ependenceV(inVbothVappearanceVandVfact)VinVparticular.VFollowVupVwithVaVbriefVlookVa
tVExerciseV1-7VconcerningVauditVindependenceVstandards.
SOLUTIONS:
E1.3. ThisVexerciseVprovidesVanVopportunityVtoVgaugeVwhereVtheVstudentsVareVinVte
rmsVofVtheirVpriorVbackgroundVinVaccounting,VbeVitVpracticalVorVeducational,
VandVtoVclearVupVsomeVofVtheVcommonVmisconceptionsV(i.e.,VtoVexplainVthat
VaccountingVgoes
beyondVtheV―howVto‖VaspectsVofVbookkeepingVandVinvolvesVtheVuseVofVjudg
ment).
E1.4. ThisVexerciseVprovidesVanVopportunityVtoValignVstudentVandVinstructorVexpecta
tions.VForVfirst-
timeVinstructorsVinVthisVcourse,VorVforVthoseVhavingVaVdiverseVstudentVgroup,
VyouVwillVgetVaVglimpseVatVtheVcommonVperceptionsVstudentsVhaveVconcerni
ngVtheVcourseVcontent,VlevelVofVdifficulty,VandVmethodsVofVpresentation,
testing/evaluation,VandVgrading.
E1.5. TheVprincipalVfactorsVJimVSandroliniVmustVconsiderVareVhisVcompetenceVandV
independence.VIsVheVcompetentVtoVprepareVfinancialVstatementsVforVaVcompan
yVthatVoperatesVinVaVdifferentVindustryVthanVtheVoneVinVwhichVheVworks?VAc
ceptingVaVcontingentVfeeVarrangementVwouldVnormallyVcauseVanVimpairmentV
ofVhis
independenceVbecauseVheVwouldVdirectlyVbenefitVifVtheVloanVwereVtoVbeVappr
oved.
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awVHillVLLC.