WGU PATHO D236 LATEST 2026 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔hyperventilation - ✔✔exhale too much carbon dioxide as a result carbon dioxide
concentration in the blood is reduced and bicarb acid equilibrium shifts to the left
*respiratory alkalosis
*HCO3 low
*PH high
✔✔Hemodyalysis - ✔✔takes blood out of the body via a PIV and puts it back into the
body through a central line
*4-6 hours a few times per week
*artificial Kidney
✔✔CRRT - ✔✔cleanses blood in a 24 hour cycle
✔✔peritoneal dialysis - ✔✔does not use a machine but injects a solution of water and
glucose into the abdominal cavity
✔✔Sodium normal levels - ✔✔135-145 mmol/L
✔✔Hyponatremia <135 Manifestations - ✔✔*goes to Brain and Muscle
Muscle cramps
weakness
fatigue
abdominal cramps
lethargy
confusion
seizures
✔✔Hypernatremia >145 Manifestations - ✔✔Signs of fluid deficit
*Cellular Dehydration
thirst
headache
agitation
✔✔Potassium normal levels - ✔✔3.5-5.0 mEq/L
essential for nerve impulses
muscle contractions (heart)
✔✔hypokalemia manifestations - ✔✔*palpitations
*diarrhea
*Muscle weakness
*Paresthesia (numbness/tingling)
cardiac dysrhythmias
, ✔✔Hyperkalemia manifestations - ✔✔*muscle spasms
*untreated acidosis
muscle weakness/paralysis
✔✔How can Hyperkalemia lead to cardiac arrest? - ✔✔too much can cause muscle
spasms. Especially dangerous in the heart muscle, causing an irregular heart beat,
which can lead to heart attack
✔✔diabetes insipidus (DI) definition - ✔✔A disorder of salt and water metabolism.
can cause an imbalance in minerals in your blood such as Na and K+ that help maintain
fluid balance in your body.
✔✔diabetes insipidus (DI) symptoms - ✔✔*High sodium levels
*Excess water loss
*BS NORMAL
*Low urine output
*polydipsia
✔✔Tay-Sachs disease - ✔✔A human genetic disease autosomal recessive
Seizures, blindness, and degeneration of motor and mental performance usually
become manifest a few months after birth.
*6 month old baby would have flaccid muscle, loss of motor function.
✔✔Turner Syndrome - ✔✔A chromosomal disorder in females in which either an X
chromosome is missing, making the person XO instead of XX, or part of one X
chromosome is deleted.
✔✔Turner Syndrome Characteristics - ✔✔Underdeveloped ovaries (sterile)
*Short stature (~ 4'7")
*Webbing of the neck
Edema
Underdeveloped breasts; wide nipples
High number of aborted fetuses
*Amenorrhea
✔✔Marfan syndrome - ✔✔*25% result from a new mutation in the FBN1 gene
Characteristics:
Long extremities
hypermobility of joints
✔✔osteroarthritis - ✔✔degenerative joint disease
*classic/telltale sign:
Herberden's and bouchard's nodes
(small bumps that grow on the joints esp the fingers)
AND ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔hyperventilation - ✔✔exhale too much carbon dioxide as a result carbon dioxide
concentration in the blood is reduced and bicarb acid equilibrium shifts to the left
*respiratory alkalosis
*HCO3 low
*PH high
✔✔Hemodyalysis - ✔✔takes blood out of the body via a PIV and puts it back into the
body through a central line
*4-6 hours a few times per week
*artificial Kidney
✔✔CRRT - ✔✔cleanses blood in a 24 hour cycle
✔✔peritoneal dialysis - ✔✔does not use a machine but injects a solution of water and
glucose into the abdominal cavity
✔✔Sodium normal levels - ✔✔135-145 mmol/L
✔✔Hyponatremia <135 Manifestations - ✔✔*goes to Brain and Muscle
Muscle cramps
weakness
fatigue
abdominal cramps
lethargy
confusion
seizures
✔✔Hypernatremia >145 Manifestations - ✔✔Signs of fluid deficit
*Cellular Dehydration
thirst
headache
agitation
✔✔Potassium normal levels - ✔✔3.5-5.0 mEq/L
essential for nerve impulses
muscle contractions (heart)
✔✔hypokalemia manifestations - ✔✔*palpitations
*diarrhea
*Muscle weakness
*Paresthesia (numbness/tingling)
cardiac dysrhythmias
, ✔✔Hyperkalemia manifestations - ✔✔*muscle spasms
*untreated acidosis
muscle weakness/paralysis
✔✔How can Hyperkalemia lead to cardiac arrest? - ✔✔too much can cause muscle
spasms. Especially dangerous in the heart muscle, causing an irregular heart beat,
which can lead to heart attack
✔✔diabetes insipidus (DI) definition - ✔✔A disorder of salt and water metabolism.
can cause an imbalance in minerals in your blood such as Na and K+ that help maintain
fluid balance in your body.
✔✔diabetes insipidus (DI) symptoms - ✔✔*High sodium levels
*Excess water loss
*BS NORMAL
*Low urine output
*polydipsia
✔✔Tay-Sachs disease - ✔✔A human genetic disease autosomal recessive
Seizures, blindness, and degeneration of motor and mental performance usually
become manifest a few months after birth.
*6 month old baby would have flaccid muscle, loss of motor function.
✔✔Turner Syndrome - ✔✔A chromosomal disorder in females in which either an X
chromosome is missing, making the person XO instead of XX, or part of one X
chromosome is deleted.
✔✔Turner Syndrome Characteristics - ✔✔Underdeveloped ovaries (sterile)
*Short stature (~ 4'7")
*Webbing of the neck
Edema
Underdeveloped breasts; wide nipples
High number of aborted fetuses
*Amenorrhea
✔✔Marfan syndrome - ✔✔*25% result from a new mutation in the FBN1 gene
Characteristics:
Long extremities
hypermobility of joints
✔✔osteroarthritis - ✔✔degenerative joint disease
*classic/telltale sign:
Herberden's and bouchard's nodes
(small bumps that grow on the joints esp the fingers)
