CCNA COMPREHENSIVE EXAM UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Since WLAN are half-duplex, what do we use to avoid collision? - ✔✔(CSMA/CA)
carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance.
✔✔What is the port number of RADIUS? - ✔✔1812 for authentication
1813 for accouting
1645/1646 for UDP ports
✔✔AD of directly connected routing - ✔✔0
✔✔AD of static route - ✔✔1
✔✔AD of internal EIGRP - ✔✔90
✔✔AD of OSPF - ✔✔110
✔✔AD of RIP - ✔✔120
✔✔AD of External EIGRP - ✔✔170
✔✔What parameter does RIP use to calculate metric? - ✔✔Hop count
✔✔What parameter does EGIRP use to calculate metric? - ✔✔bandwidth, delay
✔✔What parameter does OSPF use to calculate metric? - ✔✔cost
✔✔Characteristic of distance vector? - ✔✔-sends entire routing table
-slow convergence
-doesn't know network topology
-simpler to configure
-examples: RIP, IGRP
✔✔Characteristics of Link state? - ✔✔-sends only link state information
-fast convergence
-less susceptible to routing loops
-always uses multicast for the routing updates
-knows the entire network topology
-can be harder to configure
-examples: OSPF, IS-IS
✔✔Characteristics of CDP? - ✔✔-60 second update frequency
-180 second hold timer (the top end timer is 255)
,-enabled by default
-L2 protocol
-Cisco proprietary
-Can convey VTP information
✔✔Characteristics of LLDP? - ✔✔-30 second update frequency
-120 second hold timer
-disabled by default
-L2 protocol
-Open standard protocol
✔✔What is the default mode of VTP when on a new switch? - ✔✔Server mode
✔✔What is EIGRP? - ✔✔Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol. Is an advanced
distance vector routing protocol. EIGRP supports classless routing and VLSM, route
summarization, incremental updates, load balancing and many other useful features. It
is a Cisco proprietary protocol, so all routers in a network that is running EIGRP must be
Cisco routers.
✔✔What metric does EIGRP use? - ✔✔bandwidth and delay
✔✔What metric does OSPF use to calculate the best path? - ✔✔Cost
✔✔What metric does RIP use to calculate best path? - ✔✔Hop count
✔✔How do you untag a VLAN? - ✔✔You set it as a native VLAN
✔✔What is RFC 1918? - ✔✔RFC 1918 is Address Allocation for Private Internets The
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of
the IP address space for private Internets: 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16
✔✔What is Cisco ACI? - ✔✔Application Centric Infrastructure
✔✔What layer is MPLS considered and what does it stand for? - ✔✔Layer 2.5;
Multiprotocol Label Switching
✔✔What is another name for a Hypervisor? - ✔✔VMM (Virtual Machine Monitor)
✔✔What is CRC stand for? - ✔✔Cyclic Redundancy Check
✔✔What is another name/nickname for a dashboard? - ✔✔A single pane of glass
✔✔What are the Northbound APIs? - ✔✔OSGi
REST
, ✔✔What are the Southbound APIs? - ✔✔NETCONF
OnePK
OpenFlow
OpFlex
✔✔What does the CAM table use to populate it? - ✔✔The source MAC address
✔✔Switches make forwarding decisions based on the_______ contained in a frame's
header. - ✔✔Destination MAC Address
✔✔What is SaaS? - ✔✔Software as services
enables it consumer to access applications running in the cloud infrastructure but does
not enable the consumer to manage the cloud infrastructure or the configs of the
provided applications. A good example is a company license an office suite, including
email service, that is delivered to the end user through a web browser.
✔✔What is IaaS? - ✔✔Infrastructure as a Service
the greatest degree of freedom by enabling its consumer to provision processing,
memory, storage and network resources within the cloud infrastructure. Customer does
NOT have control over the physical infrastructure in the cloud.
✔✔What is PaaS? - ✔✔Platform as a Service
provides it consumer with slightly more freedom than the SaaS model by enabling the
consumer to install and possibly config provider supported applications in the cloud
infrastructure. An example would be a company obtains a subscription to use a service
provider's infrastructure, programming tools, and programming languages to develop
and serve cloud based applications.
✔✔What is GLBP? - ✔✔Gateway Load Balancing Protocol
Has one active virtual gateway and multiple active virtual forwarders
Cisco proprietary similar to HSRP. Allows load-balancing.
✔✔What is NAT? - ✔✔Network Address Translation (NAT) is a protocol that translates
public IP addresses to private IP addresses and vice-versa. NAT is often enabled on the
Internet-facing firewall, and in home networks is usually running on the router.
✔✔In Nat addressing what does the Inside Global Address display? - ✔✔display an IP
address that an inside host as seen by host on the outside network
A valid public address that the inside host is given when it exits the NAT router.
✔✔In NAT addressing what does the Inside Local Address display? - ✔✔display the IP
address config on a host on the local network
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Since WLAN are half-duplex, what do we use to avoid collision? - ✔✔(CSMA/CA)
carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance.
✔✔What is the port number of RADIUS? - ✔✔1812 for authentication
1813 for accouting
1645/1646 for UDP ports
✔✔AD of directly connected routing - ✔✔0
✔✔AD of static route - ✔✔1
✔✔AD of internal EIGRP - ✔✔90
✔✔AD of OSPF - ✔✔110
✔✔AD of RIP - ✔✔120
✔✔AD of External EIGRP - ✔✔170
✔✔What parameter does RIP use to calculate metric? - ✔✔Hop count
✔✔What parameter does EGIRP use to calculate metric? - ✔✔bandwidth, delay
✔✔What parameter does OSPF use to calculate metric? - ✔✔cost
✔✔Characteristic of distance vector? - ✔✔-sends entire routing table
-slow convergence
-doesn't know network topology
-simpler to configure
-examples: RIP, IGRP
✔✔Characteristics of Link state? - ✔✔-sends only link state information
-fast convergence
-less susceptible to routing loops
-always uses multicast for the routing updates
-knows the entire network topology
-can be harder to configure
-examples: OSPF, IS-IS
✔✔Characteristics of CDP? - ✔✔-60 second update frequency
-180 second hold timer (the top end timer is 255)
,-enabled by default
-L2 protocol
-Cisco proprietary
-Can convey VTP information
✔✔Characteristics of LLDP? - ✔✔-30 second update frequency
-120 second hold timer
-disabled by default
-L2 protocol
-Open standard protocol
✔✔What is the default mode of VTP when on a new switch? - ✔✔Server mode
✔✔What is EIGRP? - ✔✔Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol. Is an advanced
distance vector routing protocol. EIGRP supports classless routing and VLSM, route
summarization, incremental updates, load balancing and many other useful features. It
is a Cisco proprietary protocol, so all routers in a network that is running EIGRP must be
Cisco routers.
✔✔What metric does EIGRP use? - ✔✔bandwidth and delay
✔✔What metric does OSPF use to calculate the best path? - ✔✔Cost
✔✔What metric does RIP use to calculate best path? - ✔✔Hop count
✔✔How do you untag a VLAN? - ✔✔You set it as a native VLAN
✔✔What is RFC 1918? - ✔✔RFC 1918 is Address Allocation for Private Internets The
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of
the IP address space for private Internets: 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16
✔✔What is Cisco ACI? - ✔✔Application Centric Infrastructure
✔✔What layer is MPLS considered and what does it stand for? - ✔✔Layer 2.5;
Multiprotocol Label Switching
✔✔What is another name for a Hypervisor? - ✔✔VMM (Virtual Machine Monitor)
✔✔What is CRC stand for? - ✔✔Cyclic Redundancy Check
✔✔What is another name/nickname for a dashboard? - ✔✔A single pane of glass
✔✔What are the Northbound APIs? - ✔✔OSGi
REST
, ✔✔What are the Southbound APIs? - ✔✔NETCONF
OnePK
OpenFlow
OpFlex
✔✔What does the CAM table use to populate it? - ✔✔The source MAC address
✔✔Switches make forwarding decisions based on the_______ contained in a frame's
header. - ✔✔Destination MAC Address
✔✔What is SaaS? - ✔✔Software as services
enables it consumer to access applications running in the cloud infrastructure but does
not enable the consumer to manage the cloud infrastructure or the configs of the
provided applications. A good example is a company license an office suite, including
email service, that is delivered to the end user through a web browser.
✔✔What is IaaS? - ✔✔Infrastructure as a Service
the greatest degree of freedom by enabling its consumer to provision processing,
memory, storage and network resources within the cloud infrastructure. Customer does
NOT have control over the physical infrastructure in the cloud.
✔✔What is PaaS? - ✔✔Platform as a Service
provides it consumer with slightly more freedom than the SaaS model by enabling the
consumer to install and possibly config provider supported applications in the cloud
infrastructure. An example would be a company obtains a subscription to use a service
provider's infrastructure, programming tools, and programming languages to develop
and serve cloud based applications.
✔✔What is GLBP? - ✔✔Gateway Load Balancing Protocol
Has one active virtual gateway and multiple active virtual forwarders
Cisco proprietary similar to HSRP. Allows load-balancing.
✔✔What is NAT? - ✔✔Network Address Translation (NAT) is a protocol that translates
public IP addresses to private IP addresses and vice-versa. NAT is often enabled on the
Internet-facing firewall, and in home networks is usually running on the router.
✔✔In Nat addressing what does the Inside Global Address display? - ✔✔display an IP
address that an inside host as seen by host on the outside network
A valid public address that the inside host is given when it exits the NAT router.
✔✔In NAT addressing what does the Inside Local Address display? - ✔✔display the IP
address config on a host on the local network
