WGU D415 Software Defined Networking
OA Questions and Correct Answers | 2026
Update
Network Functions Virtualization (NFV)
Moved network functions from stand-alone appliances to software running on any
server, reducing the time-to-market for products.
Software-Defined Networks (SDN)
This architecture decouples the network control and forwarding functions
enabling the network control to become directly programmable and the
underlying infrastructure to be abstracted for applications and network services.
NFV Components
Virtual Network Functions (VNFs)
Network Functions Virtualization Infrastructure (NFVI)
NFV Management and Orchestration (NFV-MANO)
,NFV Management and Orchestration (NFV-MANO)
Consists of all functional blocks, data repositories, reference points, and interfaces
that are used for managing and orchestrating VNFs and the NFVI.
Network Functions Virtualization Infrastructure (NFVI)
Is the entirety of the hardware and software components that build the
environment where VNFs are deployed.
Virtual Network Functions (VNFs)
Are the software implementations of network functions.
Open Platform for NFV (OPNFV)
Created by the Linux Foundation in 2014 and is a collaborative open-source
platform that seeks to develop NFV and shape its evolution.
OpenStack
An open-source cloud computing platform that has high market penetration that
includes a collection of interoperable modules that are used to orchestrate large
pools of compute, storage, and networking resources.
,Nova
OpenStack compute module, is used to create and delete compute instances as
required.
Glance
OpenStack module that synchronizes and maintains VM images across the
compute cluster.
Keystone
Module that provides authentication for accessing all OpenStack services.
Cinder
OpenStack module that provides block storage used as storage volumes for VMs.
Swift
OpenStack module that provides object storage that is used to store large
amounts of static data in a cluster.
, Neutron
or networking, OpenStack module that allows the different compute instances
and storage nodes to communicate with each other.
Horizon
OpenStack module provides a GUI dashboard, and is by far the most widely
deployed management module.
Heat
OpenStack module that helps expedite orchestration of applications across
multiple compute instances by using templates.
Ceilometer
OpenStack module that monitors the NFVI and helps identify bottlenecks and
resource optimization opportunities.
Ironic
OpenStack module that is a provisioning tool for bare metal installation of
compute capabilities instead of VMs in OpenStack.
OA Questions and Correct Answers | 2026
Update
Network Functions Virtualization (NFV)
Moved network functions from stand-alone appliances to software running on any
server, reducing the time-to-market for products.
Software-Defined Networks (SDN)
This architecture decouples the network control and forwarding functions
enabling the network control to become directly programmable and the
underlying infrastructure to be abstracted for applications and network services.
NFV Components
Virtual Network Functions (VNFs)
Network Functions Virtualization Infrastructure (NFVI)
NFV Management and Orchestration (NFV-MANO)
,NFV Management and Orchestration (NFV-MANO)
Consists of all functional blocks, data repositories, reference points, and interfaces
that are used for managing and orchestrating VNFs and the NFVI.
Network Functions Virtualization Infrastructure (NFVI)
Is the entirety of the hardware and software components that build the
environment where VNFs are deployed.
Virtual Network Functions (VNFs)
Are the software implementations of network functions.
Open Platform for NFV (OPNFV)
Created by the Linux Foundation in 2014 and is a collaborative open-source
platform that seeks to develop NFV and shape its evolution.
OpenStack
An open-source cloud computing platform that has high market penetration that
includes a collection of interoperable modules that are used to orchestrate large
pools of compute, storage, and networking resources.
,Nova
OpenStack compute module, is used to create and delete compute instances as
required.
Glance
OpenStack module that synchronizes and maintains VM images across the
compute cluster.
Keystone
Module that provides authentication for accessing all OpenStack services.
Cinder
OpenStack module that provides block storage used as storage volumes for VMs.
Swift
OpenStack module that provides object storage that is used to store large
amounts of static data in a cluster.
, Neutron
or networking, OpenStack module that allows the different compute instances
and storage nodes to communicate with each other.
Horizon
OpenStack module provides a GUI dashboard, and is by far the most widely
deployed management module.
Heat
OpenStack module that helps expedite orchestration of applications across
multiple compute instances by using templates.
Ceilometer
OpenStack module that monitors the NFVI and helps identify bottlenecks and
resource optimization opportunities.
Ironic
OpenStack module that is a provisioning tool for bare metal installation of
compute capabilities instead of VMs in OpenStack.
