NBDHE 2026 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GUARANTEE A+
✔✔habit (stage of learning) - ✔✔self-satisfaction; this is the stage that behavior is
modified
✔✔natality - ✔✔the ratio of live births to the population
✔✔morbidity - ✔✔ill health in an individual vs ill health in population
✔✔mortality - ✔✔Death rate
✔✔type 1 examination method - ✔✔complete exam - includes mouth mirror, and
explorer, lighting, thorough radiographs, study models, tests as needed
✔✔type 2 examination method - ✔✔limited examination - includes mouth mirror and
explorer, lighting, posterior bitweings, and selected periapical radiographs
✔✔type 3 examination method - ✔✔inspection - mouth mirror lighting
✔✔type 4 examination method - ✔✔screening - tongue depressor, lighting
✔✔goals - ✔✔broad based statement
✔✔objective - ✔✔specific statement (steps to achieve the goal)
✔✔dental liners function and example - ✔✔seal dentin or medicate the dental pulp,
ex: varnish, calcium hydroxide, zinc-oxide/eugenol, and glass ionomer
✔✔bases function and examples - ✔✔provide thermal insulation or mechanical
protection for the dental pulp, ex: cements
✔✔tartar control toothpaste ingrediant - ✔✔pyrophosphate, causes dentinal
hypersensitivity
✔✔gum care toothpaste ingrediant - ✔✔triclosan (antimicrobial agent)
✔✔desensitization toothpaste ingrediants (3) - ✔✔1. potassium nitrate
2. sodium citrate
3. strontium chloride
✔✔vital bleach ingrediant - ✔✔carbamide peroxide or hydrogen peroxide
✔✔gram + stain - ✔✔blue
, ✔✔gram - stain - ✔✔red
✔✔gram + cell wall - ✔✔very thick, teichoic acid, does not block diffusion of antibiotics,
2 layers, low lipid content, no periplasmic space, NO endotoxin
✔✔gram - cell wall - ✔✔very thin, murein lipoprotein, blocks diffusion of penicillins and
lysozymes, 3 layers, high lipid content, has periplasmic space and porin channel, has
endotoxin (lipid A)
✔✔tuberculosis - ✔✔Mycobacterium tuberculosis (acquired through airborne
transmission)
✔✔hyaluronidase - ✔✔needed for invading tissue during infections
✔✔S. mutans cause - ✔✔pit and fissure dental caries
✔✔S. sobrinus cause - ✔✔smooth surface caries
✔✔S. Salivarius: shape, +/-, associated with - ✔✔spherical, gram +, tongue
✔✔S. mitis associated with - ✔✔endocarditis
✔✔S. sanguis associated with - ✔✔plaque colonization and endocarditis
✔✔S. pneumoniae: can have a ______ making it _____ - ✔✔polysaccharide layer, very
resistant and destructive
✔✔staphylococcus - ✔✔generally harmless normal flora, enzymatic and exotoxin
weapons, is penicillin-G resistant, abscess formation
✔✔staphylococcus aureus associated with - ✔✔pus
✔✔clostridium tentani: found in ____, causes _____, spores are _____ - ✔✔soil, lock
jaw, dust born
✔✔neisseria: +/-, shape, associated with - ✔✔gram -, cocci, meningitis and gonorrhea
✔✔spirochetes +/-, shape, associated with - ✔✔gram -, spiral, syphilis, trepo, lepto,
lyme disease, NUG/NUP
✔✔lactobacillus is a - ✔✔"Good" bacteria that also helps advance deep caries
GUARANTEE A+
✔✔habit (stage of learning) - ✔✔self-satisfaction; this is the stage that behavior is
modified
✔✔natality - ✔✔the ratio of live births to the population
✔✔morbidity - ✔✔ill health in an individual vs ill health in population
✔✔mortality - ✔✔Death rate
✔✔type 1 examination method - ✔✔complete exam - includes mouth mirror, and
explorer, lighting, thorough radiographs, study models, tests as needed
✔✔type 2 examination method - ✔✔limited examination - includes mouth mirror and
explorer, lighting, posterior bitweings, and selected periapical radiographs
✔✔type 3 examination method - ✔✔inspection - mouth mirror lighting
✔✔type 4 examination method - ✔✔screening - tongue depressor, lighting
✔✔goals - ✔✔broad based statement
✔✔objective - ✔✔specific statement (steps to achieve the goal)
✔✔dental liners function and example - ✔✔seal dentin or medicate the dental pulp,
ex: varnish, calcium hydroxide, zinc-oxide/eugenol, and glass ionomer
✔✔bases function and examples - ✔✔provide thermal insulation or mechanical
protection for the dental pulp, ex: cements
✔✔tartar control toothpaste ingrediant - ✔✔pyrophosphate, causes dentinal
hypersensitivity
✔✔gum care toothpaste ingrediant - ✔✔triclosan (antimicrobial agent)
✔✔desensitization toothpaste ingrediants (3) - ✔✔1. potassium nitrate
2. sodium citrate
3. strontium chloride
✔✔vital bleach ingrediant - ✔✔carbamide peroxide or hydrogen peroxide
✔✔gram + stain - ✔✔blue
, ✔✔gram - stain - ✔✔red
✔✔gram + cell wall - ✔✔very thick, teichoic acid, does not block diffusion of antibiotics,
2 layers, low lipid content, no periplasmic space, NO endotoxin
✔✔gram - cell wall - ✔✔very thin, murein lipoprotein, blocks diffusion of penicillins and
lysozymes, 3 layers, high lipid content, has periplasmic space and porin channel, has
endotoxin (lipid A)
✔✔tuberculosis - ✔✔Mycobacterium tuberculosis (acquired through airborne
transmission)
✔✔hyaluronidase - ✔✔needed for invading tissue during infections
✔✔S. mutans cause - ✔✔pit and fissure dental caries
✔✔S. sobrinus cause - ✔✔smooth surface caries
✔✔S. Salivarius: shape, +/-, associated with - ✔✔spherical, gram +, tongue
✔✔S. mitis associated with - ✔✔endocarditis
✔✔S. sanguis associated with - ✔✔plaque colonization and endocarditis
✔✔S. pneumoniae: can have a ______ making it _____ - ✔✔polysaccharide layer, very
resistant and destructive
✔✔staphylococcus - ✔✔generally harmless normal flora, enzymatic and exotoxin
weapons, is penicillin-G resistant, abscess formation
✔✔staphylococcus aureus associated with - ✔✔pus
✔✔clostridium tentani: found in ____, causes _____, spores are _____ - ✔✔soil, lock
jaw, dust born
✔✔neisseria: +/-, shape, associated with - ✔✔gram -, cocci, meningitis and gonorrhea
✔✔spirochetes +/-, shape, associated with - ✔✔gram -, spiral, syphilis, trepo, lepto,
lyme disease, NUG/NUP
✔✔lactobacillus is a - ✔✔"Good" bacteria that also helps advance deep caries
