Biochemistry I Module of the MCAT Self Prep eCourse: Lesson 1: Amino Ac
and Proteins (Pro)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3l4uhz
1. Lesson 1: Amino Acids and Proteins: Lesson 1: Amino Acids and Proteins
2. *NOTE:* Quizlet cards marked with *CRB* indicates that these flashcards
cover the content found in the *C*ontent *R*eview *B*ooks. Cards not marked
with *CRB* cover the video playlist content. Enjoy! :): *NOTE:* Quizlet cards marked with
*CRB* indicates that these flashcards cover the content found in the *C*ontent *R*eview *B*ooks. Cards not marked
with *CRB* cover the video playlist content. Enjoy! :)
3. DNA copies itself through a process known as:
(A) Replication
(B) Translation
(C) Transcription
(D) Integration: (A) Replication
DNA copies itself through a process known as replication.
4. DNA is used as a template to generate RNA in a process known as:
(A) Replication
(B) Translation
(C) Transcription
(D) Integration: (C) Transcription
DNA is used as a template to generate RNA in a process known as transcription.
5. Protein is generated using RNA as instructions in a process known as:
(A) Replication
(B) Translation
(C) Transcription
(D) Integration: (B) Translation
Protein is generated using RNA as instructions in a process known as translation.
, Biochemistry I Module of the MCAT Self Prep eCourse: Lesson 1: Amino Ac
and Proteins (Pro)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3l4uhz
6. Compare Polymers and Monomers.: Polymers are made up of individual sub-units called
monomers.
7. True or False? DNA, RNA, and protein are all linear polymers.: True. The structure of
DNA, RNA, and protein is similar in that they are all linear polymers because each individual unit (or monomer) is
attached to only one or two other units, resulting in a long chain.
8. What monomers make up DNA? RNA? Protein?: The monomers that make up DNA are known
as deoxyribonucleotides.
The monomers that make up RNA are known as ribonucleotides.
The monomers that make up protein are known as amino acids.
9. What benefits does the linear polymer structure of DNA, RNA, and protein
provide during transcription and translation?: The linear polymer structure of DNA, RNA, and
protein helps to transfer and preserve the encoding of information during transcription and translation.
10. What is the central dogma of molecular biology?: DNA makes RNA, which makes protein.
11. How can one easily differentiate transcription and translation using base
words "script" and "translate"?: The word "script" refers to written forms. Transcription goes from one
written form (DNA) to another (RNA) using a common "alphabet" (aka nucleic acids).
Translation refers to the need to "translate" from one language to another. Here, nucleic acids from one language (RNA)
are translated into amino acids of another language (protein).
12. RNA is used as a template in the formation of cDNA through the process of:
(A) Reverse Replication
(B) Reverse Translation
(C) Reverse Transcription
(D) Reverse Integration: (C) Reverse Transcription
, Biochemistry I Module of the MCAT Self Prep eCourse: Lesson 1: Amino Ac
and Proteins (Pro)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3l4uhz
13. What is the function of reverse transcriptase?: Reverse transcriptase is the enzyme that
carries out reverse transcription, in which complementary DNA (cDNA) is generated from an RNA template.
14. What is most likely to occur if a patient with HIV is administered a medicinal
drug that deactivates the enzyme reverse transcriptase?
(A) The patient will die.
(B) The patient's chances at survival will increase.
(C) The patient's chances at survival will decrease, but they will not die.
(D) The patient may go into a coma.: (B) The patient's chances at survival will increase.
Reverse transcriptase is used by HIV to reverse transcribe the retrovirus's RNA into DNA, which can then be integrated
into the host's DNA. Deactivating reverse transcriptase will halt this process, which is essential for propagating HIV's
lifecycle. This is an effective treatment against HIV!
15. True or False? The genetic material of (+)ssRNA viruses (such as coronavirus)
is translated immediately by host cell machinery as compared with DNA viruses
and retroviruses.: True. The genetic material of (+)ssRNA viruses (such as coronavirus) is translated immedi-
ately by host cell machinery as compared with DNA viruses and retroviruses.
16. *CRB* Describe the differences in translation between (+)ssRNA viruses (like
the Coronavirus) and (-)ssRNA viruses (like the influenza virus).: (+)ssRNA viruses have
their genome stored as RNA that can readily be translated to form the proteins that they need.
(-)ssRNA Viruses, however, need to transcribe the (+) version of the RNA so it can be readily translated by the host cell's
machinery. These viruses need an extra step of processing!
17. Which of the following are examples of non-coding RNA (ncRNA)? Why are
they called that?
I. tRNA
II. mRNA
III. rRNA
(A) I Only
(B) II Only
and Proteins (Pro)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3l4uhz
1. Lesson 1: Amino Acids and Proteins: Lesson 1: Amino Acids and Proteins
2. *NOTE:* Quizlet cards marked with *CRB* indicates that these flashcards
cover the content found in the *C*ontent *R*eview *B*ooks. Cards not marked
with *CRB* cover the video playlist content. Enjoy! :): *NOTE:* Quizlet cards marked with
*CRB* indicates that these flashcards cover the content found in the *C*ontent *R*eview *B*ooks. Cards not marked
with *CRB* cover the video playlist content. Enjoy! :)
3. DNA copies itself through a process known as:
(A) Replication
(B) Translation
(C) Transcription
(D) Integration: (A) Replication
DNA copies itself through a process known as replication.
4. DNA is used as a template to generate RNA in a process known as:
(A) Replication
(B) Translation
(C) Transcription
(D) Integration: (C) Transcription
DNA is used as a template to generate RNA in a process known as transcription.
5. Protein is generated using RNA as instructions in a process known as:
(A) Replication
(B) Translation
(C) Transcription
(D) Integration: (B) Translation
Protein is generated using RNA as instructions in a process known as translation.
, Biochemistry I Module of the MCAT Self Prep eCourse: Lesson 1: Amino Ac
and Proteins (Pro)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3l4uhz
6. Compare Polymers and Monomers.: Polymers are made up of individual sub-units called
monomers.
7. True or False? DNA, RNA, and protein are all linear polymers.: True. The structure of
DNA, RNA, and protein is similar in that they are all linear polymers because each individual unit (or monomer) is
attached to only one or two other units, resulting in a long chain.
8. What monomers make up DNA? RNA? Protein?: The monomers that make up DNA are known
as deoxyribonucleotides.
The monomers that make up RNA are known as ribonucleotides.
The monomers that make up protein are known as amino acids.
9. What benefits does the linear polymer structure of DNA, RNA, and protein
provide during transcription and translation?: The linear polymer structure of DNA, RNA, and
protein helps to transfer and preserve the encoding of information during transcription and translation.
10. What is the central dogma of molecular biology?: DNA makes RNA, which makes protein.
11. How can one easily differentiate transcription and translation using base
words "script" and "translate"?: The word "script" refers to written forms. Transcription goes from one
written form (DNA) to another (RNA) using a common "alphabet" (aka nucleic acids).
Translation refers to the need to "translate" from one language to another. Here, nucleic acids from one language (RNA)
are translated into amino acids of another language (protein).
12. RNA is used as a template in the formation of cDNA through the process of:
(A) Reverse Replication
(B) Reverse Translation
(C) Reverse Transcription
(D) Reverse Integration: (C) Reverse Transcription
, Biochemistry I Module of the MCAT Self Prep eCourse: Lesson 1: Amino Ac
and Proteins (Pro)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3l4uhz
13. What is the function of reverse transcriptase?: Reverse transcriptase is the enzyme that
carries out reverse transcription, in which complementary DNA (cDNA) is generated from an RNA template.
14. What is most likely to occur if a patient with HIV is administered a medicinal
drug that deactivates the enzyme reverse transcriptase?
(A) The patient will die.
(B) The patient's chances at survival will increase.
(C) The patient's chances at survival will decrease, but they will not die.
(D) The patient may go into a coma.: (B) The patient's chances at survival will increase.
Reverse transcriptase is used by HIV to reverse transcribe the retrovirus's RNA into DNA, which can then be integrated
into the host's DNA. Deactivating reverse transcriptase will halt this process, which is essential for propagating HIV's
lifecycle. This is an effective treatment against HIV!
15. True or False? The genetic material of (+)ssRNA viruses (such as coronavirus)
is translated immediately by host cell machinery as compared with DNA viruses
and retroviruses.: True. The genetic material of (+)ssRNA viruses (such as coronavirus) is translated immedi-
ately by host cell machinery as compared with DNA viruses and retroviruses.
16. *CRB* Describe the differences in translation between (+)ssRNA viruses (like
the Coronavirus) and (-)ssRNA viruses (like the influenza virus).: (+)ssRNA viruses have
their genome stored as RNA that can readily be translated to form the proteins that they need.
(-)ssRNA Viruses, however, need to transcribe the (+) version of the RNA so it can be readily translated by the host cell's
machinery. These viruses need an extra step of processing!
17. Which of the following are examples of non-coding RNA (ncRNA)? Why are
they called that?
I. tRNA
II. mRNA
III. rRNA
(A) I Only
(B) II Only
