CLTM exam Questions with Detailed Verified Answers

VNS (vagus nerve stimulation) Ans: Dr. Zabara developed in the mid-80s. FDA approved in 1997 for partial seizure onset. VNS device is made of Ans: constant current pulse generator and 2 platinum spiral electrodes; coiled around left vagus nerve. VNS, how does it stop seizure? Ans: Thought to increase inhibitory neurotransmitters and decrease excretory neurotransmitters. Blood flow increases and decreases in different parts of brain also contributes. FIRDA caused by: Ans: toxic metabolic encephalopathy VSN seizure highest % decrease (year): Ans: 3 years post implantation Lennox-Gastaut and VNS: Ans: these patients become more alert and have better behavior control Intermittent Rhythmic Delta Activity (IRDA) Ans: Is seen maximal over the frontal or occipital lobes and can be caused by various reasons, some benign or unknown, but also are commonly associated with lesions and tumors. Gray matter is sick right now. % of epileptic patients who are refractory to medication: Ans: 30% Page | 2 Locus Ceruleusceruleus: Ans: A nucleus in the pons involved with physiological responses to stress and panic; principal site for brain synthesis of norepinephrine Raphe nucleus (pons) Ans: main source of serotonin Neurotransmitters have a big role in: Ans: Seizures and mood modulation Rett Syndrome Ans: A disorder of the nervous system that leads to developmental reversals, especially in the areas of expressive language and hand use. Mainly in girls. Starts around 6 months of age. SPECT Ans: single photon emission computed tomography PET Ans: positron emission to