CIEMT - EMT Final Exam Exam Latest Update Actual Questions and Answers with complete solutions

Names for Flexion and Extension - CORRECT ANSWER-Flexion = decordicate Extension = decerebrate Left Lateral Position - CORRECT ANSWER-- aka Recumbant/Recovery - used for vomiting patient's - AIRWAY problem Reverse Trendelenburg's Position - CORRECT ANSWER-- lift head of backboard - used for ICP Fowler's Position - CORRECT ANSWER-- used for RESPIRATORY DISTRESS - sitting upward position Left Lateral Trendelenburg - CORRECT ANSWER-- emergency child birth - hips elevated upon head Breathing Process: Inhalation - CORRECT ANSWER-- active process - diaphragm contracts downward - intercostal muscles contract outward - pressure decreases in lungs Breathing Process: Exhalation - CORRECT ANSWER-- passive process - diaphragm relaxes upward - intercostal muscles relaxes downward - increase pressure in lungs Functions of the Regions of the Brain - CORRECT ANSWER-Frontal = behavior + emotion Parietal = touch + sensation Temporal = hearing + speech Occipital = vision Cerebellum = fine motor movement + balance Brain Stem = control centers Modified CPR - CORRECT ANSWER-Foreign body obstruction + unconscious 1. Compressions 2. Visualize for object 3. VentilationsDefinition of a Peds in CPR/AED - CORRECT ANSWER-AED = 1 - 8 years old CPR = 1 - puberty Infants/Peds CPR - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Baby baby baby! Check for response... 2. AVPU - flick bottom of foot 3. Compressions 4. Ventilations Two person rescuer = two thumbs encircling hands (15:2) One person rescuer = two parallel fingers, baby laying on the floor, sniffing position (30:2) Foreign Body Obstruction in Peds - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Five backblows 2. Visualize 3. Five compressions Shockable Rhythms - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Ventricular fibrillation 2. Ventricular tachycardia (pulseless) Kubler-Ross (Stages of the Grieving Process) - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance Sympathetic Response (Fight or Flight) - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Increased respirations 2. Increased pulse 3. Increased b.p. 4. Cool, pale, and diaphoretic 5. Dilated pupils 6. Tense muscles 7. Increased blood glucose levels 8. Perspiration 9. Decreased circulation to the GI tract Neuro-endocrine response How are glucose levels maintained in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER-Pancreas, glucagon, liver, RELEASE GLYCOGEN STORES, increased blood glucose levels Steps Prior to CPR - CORRECT ANSWER-1. AVPU 2. Check carotid! 3. If pulse present, check breathing!CPR - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Compressions 2. Ventilations **Partner goes to get AED** 3. Compression **Partner drops an OPA/NPA** 4. Ventilations General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Alarm 2. Resistance 3. Recovery or exhaustion Components of the CISM System - CORRECT ANSWER-Defusing = informal meeting Briefing = formal meeting Hepatitis - CORRECT ANSWER-- inflammation of the liver - blood transmittance S/S: 1. Weakness 2. Fatigue 3. Fever 4. Weight loss 5. JAUNDICE Meningitis - CORRECT ANSWER-- direct contact with respiratory secretions S/S: 1. Nuchal rigidity 2. Photophobia Tuberculosis (TB) - CORRECT ANSWER-S/S: 1. Productive cough 2. Bloody sputum MUST WEAR A HEPA/N95 mask! Scope of Practice - CORRECT ANSWER-What you can do (defined by state law - aka state EMS agency) Duty to Act - CORRECT ANSWER-Legal duty to act begins once... 1. An ambulance responds to a call OR2. Treatment is initiated Negligence - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Duty to Act 2. Breech of Duty 3. Damages 4. Proximal Cause Forcible Restraints - CORRECT ANSWER-1. 5150 Hold 2. Authorization Required Emancipated Minors - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Married 2. Pregnant 3. Living independently Assault vs. Battery - CORRECT ANSWER-Assault = placing a person in fear or immediate bodily harm Battery = unlawfully touching a person Child vs. Elder Abuse Protocol - CORRECT ANSWER-Verbal Report = ASAP Written Report = within 36 hrs (children); within 2 working days (elderly) Definitive Signs of Death - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Decapitation, evisceration, incineration 2. Rigor mortis 3. Dependent lividity (pooling of blood) 4. Putrefaction Control Centers (Brain Stem) - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Cardiac (baroreceptors - measure blood pressure) 2. Respiratory (primary chemoreceptors - measure CO2 levels) 3. Reticular Activating Center (sleep or awake) 4. Vasomotor Electrolytes - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Na+ 2. Ca2+ 3. K+ 4. Bicarbonate Perfusion Triangle - CORRECT ANSWER-Heart Function = pump Blood Vessels = container Blood = contentHypovolemic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER-- loss of fluid within the body (whole blood) 1. Control bleeding 2. Shock Position 3. Oxygen Metabolic (Non-hemmoragic) Hypovolemic Shock - losing water and electrolytes - vomiting, diarrhea 1. Oxygen 2. Shock Position 3. Blanket Neurogenic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER-- trauma to the spine (poor vessel function = affecting control) - dilation of blood vessels (vasomotor function interrupted) S/S: 1. Two-toned patient! 2. Above the site = cool, pale, diaphoretic 3. Below injury site = flushed + warm Treatment: 1. Oxygen 2. Spinal Immboliziation 3. Blanket 4. If C3-C5 is injured, use BVM! Septic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER-- systemic infection - dilation of vessels to deal with infection S/S: 1. Altered 2. Flushed 3. Warm Treatment: 1. Oxygen 2. Fowler's Position 3. Blanket 4. If pulmonary edema, use BVM! Anaphylactic Shock - CORRECT ANSWER-- allergic overreaction- body release MAST CELLS = which EXPLODE and release Histamines and Leukotryines (tell blood vessels to dilate and become leaky) S/S: 1. Urticaria 2. Wheezing 3. Flushed 4. Low b.p. (< 90) Treatment: 1. Epipen! 0.3 mg adults / 0.15 mg children - powerful, peripheral vasoconstrictior - bronchial dilatior - increases heart rate