STATISTICS Comprehensive Resource To
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1. In a study on the root causes of medication dispensing errors, the authors
included the following data, from interviews, on the cause of mistakes. The most
common causes were being busy (28.1%28.1%), being short-staffed (16.8%16.8%),
being subject to time constraints (15.2%15.2%), fatigue of healthcare providers
(15%15%), interruptions during dispensing (13.4%13.4%) and look alike/sound
alike medications (11.5%11.5%). Amery, a healthcare professional doing a
presentation on dispensing errors, wanted to convey this data to the department.
What display should be used?
- ANSWER Pie chart
2. A healthcare professional was researching reported drug use in people 1212 or
older for a report they were putting together for their team. In their research,
they found a report on the number of people 1212 and older, by state, who used
drugs over the past month. The lowest drug use rate was 6.276.27 (Iowa), and the
highest was 15.1915.19 (District of Columbia). When presenting the data, they did
not want the decimal values to get lost, since they were key to ranking the states
by drug use. What display of the drug use rates would you suggest they use?
- ANSWER Stem plot
,3. To better understand their patients' lifestyles and risks, a healthcare
professional who is responsible for intaking patients in the ER of an urban hospital
in Oklahoma asked patients with a blood alcohol level of .04.04 or higher to
estimate how many alcoholic drinks they typically consume per day. What display
should they use to share their data with colleagues?
- ANSWER Histogram
4. Regression analysis
- ANSWER a statistical tool that quantifies the relationship between a
response variable and an explanatory variable
5. When working with two-variable data, if both variables are quantitative, what is
the most appropriate choice to display the data?
- ANSWER A Scatterplot
6. A strong correlation always explains a cause-and-effect relationship between
two variables. True or False?
- ANSWER false. A correlation does not prove that one variable causes
another. It is possible that both of the variables in question are affected by some
other factor, or that one variable is a subset of the other
7. In addition to measuring linear relationships, the correlation coefficient can be
used to measure curvilinear and parabolic relationships. True or False?
- ANSWER False. The correlation coefficient measures if two variables have a
linear relationship with one another.
8. Correlation coefficient is designated by which signs
- ANSWER Positive and negative signs
The sign of the coefficient, which is either positive or negative, designates the
relationship between two variables.
,9. Values between −0.3 and 0.3 are considered__________
- ANSWER weak linear correlations
10. Values between −0.7 and −0.3 and between 0.3 and 0.7 are considered
___________
- ANSWER moderate linear correlations
11. Values between −0.7 and −1 and between 0.7 and 1 are
considered____________
- ANSWER strong correlations
12. Positive correlation
- ANSWER A correlation where as one variable increases, the other also
increases, or as one decreases so does the other. Both variables move in the same
direction.
13. Negative correlation
- ANSWER as one variable increases, the other decreases
14. The strength of a linear relationship between two variables can be measured
by the________________
- ANSWER Correlation coefficient
15. Using a line of best fit in slope-intercept form, y=mx+b, what must be true if
there is a positive correlation?
- ANSWER m must be >0.
16. A study found that increased intake of a particular vitamin showed a decrease
in a particular deficiency. What type of relationship is this?
- ANSWER Negative association
17. Using a line of best fit in slope-intercept form, y=mx+b, which of the following
statements is false if there is a positive correlation?
, - ANSWER As x increases, y decreases.
18. Qualitative Description - Impossible
- ANSWER Quantitative Probability = 0%
19. Qualitative Description - unlikely
- ANSWER Quantitative Probability = < 0%, but > 40%
20. Qualitative Description - As likely as unlikely
- ANSWER Quantitative Probability = 40 % to 60%
21. Qualitative Description - certain
- ANSWER Quantitative Probability = 100%
22. Qualitative Description - likely
- ANSWER Quantitative Probability = < 60% but > 100%
23. Quantitative data
- ANSWER also called numerical data, consists of data values that are
numerical, representing quantities that can be counted or measured.
24. Categorical data
- ANSWER also called qualitative data, consists of data that are groups, such
as names or labels, and are not necessarily numerical
25. Graphical displays for Categorical Data
- ANSWER Pie Charts and Bar charts
26. Graphical displays for Quantitative Data
- ANSWER dot plot, stem and leaf plot, histogram, box plots
27. How does a dot plot show data?