S12 SPRINKLER 2026 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Master Pressure Reducing Valve - ✔✔A pressure reducing valve installed to
regulate pressures in an entire fire protection system and/or standpipe system zone.
✔✔Main Drain - ✔✔The primary drain connection located on the system riser and also
utilized as a flow test connection.
✔✔Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) - ✔✔Corrosion caused by the presence
of microbes in the water supply that over time attack the interior of metallic piping and
cause leaks, pitting, and blockages.
✔✔Old-Style/Conventional Sprinkler - ✔✔A sprinkler that directs 40% to 60% of the
water initially in a downward direction and is designed to be installed with the deflector
in either the upright or pendent position.
✔✔Pendent Sprinkler - ✔✔A sprinkler designed to be installed in such a way that the
water stream is directed downward against the deflector.
✔✔Pintle Screws - ✔✔A visual indicating device required for sprinklers manufactured
prior to 1999 identifying small orifice sprinklers and large orifice sprinklers where orifice
size is different than the nominal thread size of the sprinkler head.
✔✔Pipe Schedule Systems - ✔✔A method of sizing piping based upon the number of
sprinkler heads and the occupancy of the protected area.
✔✔Preaction Sprinkler System - ✔✔A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers
that are attached to a piping system that contains air that may or may not be under
pressure, with a supplemental detection system installed in the same areas as the
sprinklers.
✔✔Pressure Control Valve - ✔✔A pilot operated pressure reducing valve that may be
used with a fire or booster pump designed for the purpose of preventing the incoming
water supply pressure from dropping below a set pressure.
✔✔Pressure-Reducing Valve - ✔✔A valve designed for the purpose of reducing the
downstream water pressure under both flowing (residual) and nonflowing (static)
conditions.
✔✔Pressure Relief Valve - ✔✔A valve designed for the purpose of releasing excess air
or water pressure from the Fire Protection Piping System.
,✔✔Pressure Tank - ✔✔A tank using air pressure to supplying water for water-based fire
protection systems. Tank contents to be maintained at one third air to two thirds water.
✔✔Quick Response Sprinkler Head - ✔✔A sprinkler having a fusible link with a
response time index (RTI) of 50 or less.
✔✔Recessed Sprinkler - ✔✔A sprinkler in which all or part of the body, other than the
shank thread, is mounted above the ceiling.
✔✔Residential Sprinkler - ✔✔A type of fast response sprinkler that has been specifically
tested to enhance survivability in the room of fire origin and listed for use in dwelling
units.
✔✔Response Time Index (RTI) - ✔✔A measurement of the thermal sensitivity of a
sprinkler head expressed in (meters-seconds) 1/2.
✔✔Supervisory signal - ✔✔A signal indicating the need for action or the use of such
device in connection with the supervision of fire alarm systems or the maintenance
features of related systems.
✔✔Small orifice sprinklers - ✔✔A sprinkler head with and orifice size smaller than 1⁄2"
✔✔Solder Link Sprinkler - ✔✔A sprinkler operated by the melting of a metal link, they
vary in size and configuration for quick response and standard response sprinklers. The
smaller the size of the link, the faster the sprinkler operates.
✔✔Spray Sprinkler - ✔✔A type of sprinkler listed for its capability to provide fire control
for a wide range of fire hazards. The most commonly used sprinkler since 1953.
✔✔Standard Response Sprinkler Head - ✔✔A sprinkler having a fusible link with a
response time index (RTI) of 80 or more.
✔✔Supervisory signal-initiating device - ✔✔An initiating device, such as a valve
supervisory switch,that triggers a supervisory signal.
✔✔Testing - ✔✔A procedure used to determine the status of a system as intended by
conducting periodic physical checks on water based fire protection systems such as
waterflow tests, fire pump tests, alarm tests, and trip tests of dry pipe, deluge, or
preaction valves. These tests follow up on the original acceptance test at intervals
specified in the appropriate chapter of NFPA #25, 2002 edition.
✔✔Upright Sprinkler - ✔✔A sprinkler designed to be installed in such a way that the
water spray is directed upwards against the deflector.
, ✔✔Water Spray Fixed System - ✔✔A special fixed pipe system connected to a reliable
fire protection water supply and equipped with water spray nozzles for specific water
discharge and distribution over the surface or area to be protected.
✔✔PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEMS - ✔✔designed for situations where there is
danger of serious water damage. Water damage is usually caused by damaged
sprinklers or broken piping. Under normal conditions there is no water in the piping. The
air in the piping may or may not be is under pressure. A preaction valve prevents the
water from entering the system. The valve is automatically opened when a fire detection
system discovers that there is a fire or smoke condition. The preaction valve is tripped
by the fire detection system before any of the sprinkler heads open. A supervisory
device signals when the valve is opened. The preaction valve can also be operated
manually.
✔✔DELUGE SPRINKLER SYSTEMS - ✔✔equipped with open sprinkler heads
designed to wet down an entire area involved in a fire. This system is needed when
there is danger of a fire rapidly spreading throughout the building. The deluge system
will slow down the spread of the fire. Deluge systems are suitable for hazardous
occupancies. This includes buildings in which flammable liquids or other hazardous
materials are handled or stored.
The sprinkler heads in the deluge system are open at all times. Under normal conditions
there is no water in the piping. The air in the piping is not under pressure. A closed
control valve prevents water from flowing into the system. A fire detection device
automatically opens the control valve when a fire is identified. A supervisory device
signals when the valve is opened. When the valve is opened water flows into the
system. The water is then discharged out all of the sprinkler heads. The water control
valve may also be opened manually.
✔✔NON-AUTOMATIC DRY SPRINKLER SYSTEMS - ✔✔ll pipes are normally dry.
Water is supplied when needed by pumping water into the system through the Fire
Department connection. Some of these systems are supplied by manual operation of a
water control valve and may be equipped with sprinklers with or without fusible links.
There are several non-automatic systems: 1) Perforated pipe systems - a single line of
piping drilled at intervals for water discharge. These systems are usually found in
basements or other areas difficult to reach in fire fighting operations. 2) Open fixed
spray nozzles for transformer vaults or other hazardous areas; 3) exterior exposure
sprinklers (or window sprinklers) use open sprinkler heads to form an external water
curtain on the walls of a building, and 4) Foam supply systems are used for the
protection of special hazardous occupancies.
✔✔Curb Valves - ✔✔Gate valves of the non-indicating type are provided in water
distribution systems. Gate valves allow the sprinkler system to be shut off for repairs or
maintenance. Such valves are normally a non-rising stem type. They are operated using
a special key wrench. A valve box is located over the valve to keep dirt from the valve.
The valve box also provides a convenient access point for the valve wrench to the valve
nut. A complete record should be made for each valve in the system. This record should
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Master Pressure Reducing Valve - ✔✔A pressure reducing valve installed to
regulate pressures in an entire fire protection system and/or standpipe system zone.
✔✔Main Drain - ✔✔The primary drain connection located on the system riser and also
utilized as a flow test connection.
✔✔Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) - ✔✔Corrosion caused by the presence
of microbes in the water supply that over time attack the interior of metallic piping and
cause leaks, pitting, and blockages.
✔✔Old-Style/Conventional Sprinkler - ✔✔A sprinkler that directs 40% to 60% of the
water initially in a downward direction and is designed to be installed with the deflector
in either the upright or pendent position.
✔✔Pendent Sprinkler - ✔✔A sprinkler designed to be installed in such a way that the
water stream is directed downward against the deflector.
✔✔Pintle Screws - ✔✔A visual indicating device required for sprinklers manufactured
prior to 1999 identifying small orifice sprinklers and large orifice sprinklers where orifice
size is different than the nominal thread size of the sprinkler head.
✔✔Pipe Schedule Systems - ✔✔A method of sizing piping based upon the number of
sprinkler heads and the occupancy of the protected area.
✔✔Preaction Sprinkler System - ✔✔A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers
that are attached to a piping system that contains air that may or may not be under
pressure, with a supplemental detection system installed in the same areas as the
sprinklers.
✔✔Pressure Control Valve - ✔✔A pilot operated pressure reducing valve that may be
used with a fire or booster pump designed for the purpose of preventing the incoming
water supply pressure from dropping below a set pressure.
✔✔Pressure-Reducing Valve - ✔✔A valve designed for the purpose of reducing the
downstream water pressure under both flowing (residual) and nonflowing (static)
conditions.
✔✔Pressure Relief Valve - ✔✔A valve designed for the purpose of releasing excess air
or water pressure from the Fire Protection Piping System.
,✔✔Pressure Tank - ✔✔A tank using air pressure to supplying water for water-based fire
protection systems. Tank contents to be maintained at one third air to two thirds water.
✔✔Quick Response Sprinkler Head - ✔✔A sprinkler having a fusible link with a
response time index (RTI) of 50 or less.
✔✔Recessed Sprinkler - ✔✔A sprinkler in which all or part of the body, other than the
shank thread, is mounted above the ceiling.
✔✔Residential Sprinkler - ✔✔A type of fast response sprinkler that has been specifically
tested to enhance survivability in the room of fire origin and listed for use in dwelling
units.
✔✔Response Time Index (RTI) - ✔✔A measurement of the thermal sensitivity of a
sprinkler head expressed in (meters-seconds) 1/2.
✔✔Supervisory signal - ✔✔A signal indicating the need for action or the use of such
device in connection with the supervision of fire alarm systems or the maintenance
features of related systems.
✔✔Small orifice sprinklers - ✔✔A sprinkler head with and orifice size smaller than 1⁄2"
✔✔Solder Link Sprinkler - ✔✔A sprinkler operated by the melting of a metal link, they
vary in size and configuration for quick response and standard response sprinklers. The
smaller the size of the link, the faster the sprinkler operates.
✔✔Spray Sprinkler - ✔✔A type of sprinkler listed for its capability to provide fire control
for a wide range of fire hazards. The most commonly used sprinkler since 1953.
✔✔Standard Response Sprinkler Head - ✔✔A sprinkler having a fusible link with a
response time index (RTI) of 80 or more.
✔✔Supervisory signal-initiating device - ✔✔An initiating device, such as a valve
supervisory switch,that triggers a supervisory signal.
✔✔Testing - ✔✔A procedure used to determine the status of a system as intended by
conducting periodic physical checks on water based fire protection systems such as
waterflow tests, fire pump tests, alarm tests, and trip tests of dry pipe, deluge, or
preaction valves. These tests follow up on the original acceptance test at intervals
specified in the appropriate chapter of NFPA #25, 2002 edition.
✔✔Upright Sprinkler - ✔✔A sprinkler designed to be installed in such a way that the
water spray is directed upwards against the deflector.
, ✔✔Water Spray Fixed System - ✔✔A special fixed pipe system connected to a reliable
fire protection water supply and equipped with water spray nozzles for specific water
discharge and distribution over the surface or area to be protected.
✔✔PREACTION SPRINKLER SYSTEMS - ✔✔designed for situations where there is
danger of serious water damage. Water damage is usually caused by damaged
sprinklers or broken piping. Under normal conditions there is no water in the piping. The
air in the piping may or may not be is under pressure. A preaction valve prevents the
water from entering the system. The valve is automatically opened when a fire detection
system discovers that there is a fire or smoke condition. The preaction valve is tripped
by the fire detection system before any of the sprinkler heads open. A supervisory
device signals when the valve is opened. The preaction valve can also be operated
manually.
✔✔DELUGE SPRINKLER SYSTEMS - ✔✔equipped with open sprinkler heads
designed to wet down an entire area involved in a fire. This system is needed when
there is danger of a fire rapidly spreading throughout the building. The deluge system
will slow down the spread of the fire. Deluge systems are suitable for hazardous
occupancies. This includes buildings in which flammable liquids or other hazardous
materials are handled or stored.
The sprinkler heads in the deluge system are open at all times. Under normal conditions
there is no water in the piping. The air in the piping is not under pressure. A closed
control valve prevents water from flowing into the system. A fire detection device
automatically opens the control valve when a fire is identified. A supervisory device
signals when the valve is opened. When the valve is opened water flows into the
system. The water is then discharged out all of the sprinkler heads. The water control
valve may also be opened manually.
✔✔NON-AUTOMATIC DRY SPRINKLER SYSTEMS - ✔✔ll pipes are normally dry.
Water is supplied when needed by pumping water into the system through the Fire
Department connection. Some of these systems are supplied by manual operation of a
water control valve and may be equipped with sprinklers with or without fusible links.
There are several non-automatic systems: 1) Perforated pipe systems - a single line of
piping drilled at intervals for water discharge. These systems are usually found in
basements or other areas difficult to reach in fire fighting operations. 2) Open fixed
spray nozzles for transformer vaults or other hazardous areas; 3) exterior exposure
sprinklers (or window sprinklers) use open sprinkler heads to form an external water
curtain on the walls of a building, and 4) Foam supply systems are used for the
protection of special hazardous occupancies.
✔✔Curb Valves - ✔✔Gate valves of the non-indicating type are provided in water
distribution systems. Gate valves allow the sprinkler system to be shut off for repairs or
maintenance. Such valves are normally a non-rising stem type. They are operated using
a special key wrench. A valve box is located over the valve to keep dirt from the valve.
The valve box also provides a convenient access point for the valve wrench to the valve
nut. A complete record should be made for each valve in the system. This record should
